Garamba Ɔman Prama
| Inception | 1938  |
|---|---|
| Native label | parc national de la Garamba |
| IUCN protected areas category | IUCN category II: National Park |
| Country | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Located in the administrative territorial entity | Orientale Province |
| Coordinate location | 4°0′0″N 29°15′0″E, 4°11′44″N 29°28′51″E |
| Authority | Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature |
| Significant event | list of World Heritage in Danger |
| Heritage designation | World Heritage Site |
| Official website | https://www.garambanationalparkcongo.com/ |
| Described at URL | http://www.iccnrdc.cd/garamba.htm |
| World Heritage criteria | World Heritage selection criterion (vii), World Heritage selection criterion (x) |
Garamba Ɔman Prama yɛ ɔman mmɔnten so atrae a nyi kɛse bɛyɛ akwansin 2,000 ahinanan (5,200 km2) a ɔwɔ Congo etsefi fam apuei. Ɔka Afrika mmɔnten so atrae ahorow a ɔkyɛ sen biara ho, na UNESCO paw no sɛ Wiase Agyapade wɔ 1980 mu esiane sɛ ɛbɔ mmeae a ɛho hia ma atsefi fam akraman fitaa, asono, akraman, ne akraman atrae nti.[1] "Afrika Mmoa Yɛmmea" nyi "Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN)" abom ahwɛ Garamba so, firi afe 2005.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu Nsɛm[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Wɔhyɛɛ Garamba Ɔman Prama ase wɔ afe apem ahaakron na eduasa awɔtwe mu. Ɔfa mbea bɛyɛ akwansin 4,900 mbɔho ebien wɔ Ɔman Congo n'etsifi na boka afamu. Ɔhyɛ Gangala-na-Bodio Hunting Reserve ase wɔ Anee, Pomu na Boka, na South Sudanman n'ahyedo a ɔwɔ etsifi na etsifi -boka afamu. Abɔntsen do atrae yi yɛ Afrika mbea a hɔn abɔ ho ban a akyɛ kyɛn biara no mu ɛkoro. Ɔda nsakrae bea a ɔda mbead ebien a ɔwɔ hɔ no ntsam: Guinea-Congo na Guinea-Sudan savanna. Saa biogeographic mbea abien yi boa wuram mmoa ahorow, a nyimpa dodow do atew wɔ nnansa yi mfe du du mu osian mmoa a wɔkyere hɔn sie ntsi. Garamba Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea no, ahyehyɛdze a ɔnyɛ dzea wɔhwehwɛ mfaso a ɔhwɛ mmoa do a wɔfrɛ no Afrika Mmoa Yɛmmea na ɔhwɛ do dɛ ɔyɛ ayɔnkofa a wɔnye Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) ayɛ no fa, fi afe 2005. ICCN awɛmfo na asraafo a wɔwɔ Democratic Republic of the Congo Asraafo no mu no yɛ edwuma dze bɔ Garamba ho ban fi abɔmmbɔfo na atuatewfo akuw ho.
Abakɔsɛm[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Wɔdze ɔman no mmɔntsen do atrae no sii hɔ wɔ afe 1938 mu.
UNESCO dze sii hɔ dɛ Wiadze Agyapadze Bea wɔ afe 1980 mu, na wɔdze kaa edwumaku tsitsir no Wiadze Agyapadze a ɔwɔ esiane Mu Kyerɛwtohɔ fir 1984–1992 ho. Wɔ 1991 na 1993 ntsam no, Sudanfo aguanfo 50,000 kɔtsenaa Garamba akyi ber a Sudan Nyimpa Ahofadzi Asraafo no tu fii hɔn afie mu no, na ɔmaa mmoa a wɔkyere hɔn sie no yɛɛ kɛse. Wɔbɔ amannye dɛ ntawntawdzi 121 sii wɔ abɔmmbɔfo na mmɔntsen do ahwɛfo ntsam wɔ 1993 na 1995 ntsam, na akodze bɛbor 900 a ahwɛfo nyae wɔ 1991–1996 mu. Amanaman Ntam Akraman Fapem no dze sika mae maa kar ahorow a wɔdze hwɛ ndzɛmba do wɔ 1994 mu, na mmoahwɛfo akatua wɔ 1995. Wɔ Kwakwar 1996 mu no, wokunkum akraman ebien—onini ɛkoro, Bawesi, na Juliet, ɔbea bi a onyinsɛn. Wɔsan dze Garamba kaa esiane ahorow no ho wɔ 1996 mu esiane atsifi fam akraman fitaa a wɔkyere hɔn no ntsi. Wɔ nkogudzi dodow bi akyi wɔ Congo Ko a Edzi Kan na Sudan Ɔmanko a ɔtɔ do ebien no mu, nea ɛho hia sen biara ne Operation Thunderbolt no, Uganda atuatewfo a wɔyɛ WNBF ne UNRF (II) no kɔɔ Garamba Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea wɔ afe 1997 mu. Ahyehyɛdze ahorow tse dɛ Frankfurt Mmoa Ho Adesua Kuw, Amanaman Ntsam Kuw a ɔhwɛ Abɔdze do, na Wiadze Nyinara Wiadze Mmoa Foto nso na mpɔtsam hɔ atumfo ayɛ edwuma dze asiesie Garamba.
Afrika Mmoa Yɛmmea na ɔhwɛ Garamba do dɛ ayɔnkofa a wɔne ICCN ayɛ no fa, fi afe 2005. Wɔbɔ amannye dɛ Afrika Mmoa Yɛmmea mmɔdzenbɔ a ɔko tia mmoa a wɔkyere hɔn sie no ayɛ yiye wɔ mmoa a wowuwu no do atew mu. Sɛnea BBC kyerɛ no, Europa Aman Nkabom na ankorankoro a wɔdze mmoa ma no na wɔdze sika ama Garamba edwumayɛ ho nhyehyɛe. Afoforo a hɔn aboa no bi nye United States Agency for International Development, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildcat Foundation, na Wiadze Sikakorabea, sɛnea Afrika Mmoa Yɛmmea kyerɛ no.
Efi afe 2005 no, wobu bea a hɔn abɔ ho ban no dɛ Gyata a Wɔkora do Kuw a ɔka Domaine Chasse Bili Uere ho.
Anyɛ yiye koraa no, abɔmmbɔfo akunkum mmɔntsen do ahwɛfo 21 wɔ mfe du a etwam no mu, de besi afe 2017 no, na ahobammbɔ ho haw ahorow aboa Garamba apereperedi dɛ ɔdze nye ho besi hɔ dɛ bea a nsrahwɛfo kɔ. Joseph Kony Awuradze Ɔsɔretia Asraafo no dze abɔntsen do atrae no ayɛ kronkronbea. Wɔ afe 2009 mu no, atuatewfo kuw no tow hyɛɛ Garamba Nagero gyinabea so, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, wokunkum nyimpa awɔtwe a atrae do ahwɛfo ebien ka ho, na wopirapiraa nyimpa duεbaasa foforo. Atuatewfo nso wiaa edziban na pɛtro, na wɔsɛee abɔntsen do adan pii. Abɔmmbɔfo kunkum mmoahwɛfo enum na Congo asraafo no mufo ebaasa wɔ ntawntawdzi ebaasa mu wɔ afe 2015 mu, na wɔkunkum pii wɔ Ɔbɛsɛ mu.[18] Wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 2016 mu no, abɔmmɔfoɔ too tuo kumm mmoahwɛfoɔ mmiɛnsa, na wɔpirapiraa afofor (a Garamba panyin ka ho saa ber no), na asono abɔmmbɔfo kumm abɔntsen do ahwɛfo ebien wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 2017 mu. na ɔwɔ hɔ. Sɛnea mfonin ho nsɛm ho amannyebɔfo Kate Brooks a ɔyɛɛ sini wɔ Garamba maa nye kyerɛwtohɔ The Last Animals kyerɛ no, wokunkum abɔntsen do ahwɛfo duɛbaasa na asraafo a wɔrebɔ Garamba ho ban wɔ Sanda 2015 na Ebɔbira 2017 ntsam.
Wɔ afe 2017 mu no, National Geographic Documentary Films yii The Protectors: Walk in the Rangers’ Shoes, virtual reality documentary tiawa a Kathryn Bigelow kyerɛɛ kwan a ɔfa abɔntsen do ahwɛfo na mmɔdzen a wɔbɔ dɛ wɔbɛbɔ Garamba wuram mmoa ho ban no edzi. Tribeca Sini Afahyɛ no wɔ ne wu akyi no dze Disruptor Award maa rangers a wokunkum hɔn a wɔrebɔ Garamba ho ban "wɔ hɔn edwuma na akokoduru a wɔdze bɔɔ asono ho ban no ho", wɔ Ebɔbira 2017 mu.
Nhwiren Na Mmoa a Ɔwɔ Hɔ[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Savannah sare a ɔwɔ abɔntsen do no boa acacias a ɔba fam. Garamba sare no bi tumi nyin bɛyɛ anammɔn 10 (mita 3.0).
Garamba yɛ fie ma mmoa ahorow a wɔnom nufusu, a adowa ahorow ahorow ka ho, nye ɛfoɔ, asono, mpataku, kwae mu mprako akɛse, giraffes, asukɔnkɔn, na agyata nso tse. Abɔntsen do atrae no na ɔwɔ Democratic Republic of Congo a ɔyɛ giraffe dodow ɛkoro pɛ a aka, Kordofan subspecies, a hɔn dodow nnu ankorankoro 60; na ɔman no mu asono dodow a aka kyɛn biara no mu ɛkoro.
Wobu Garamba asono dɛ ɔyɛ Afrika savanna na Afrika kwae mu mmoa nketsewa no afrafra. Asono a wɔkyere wɔn sie no ama asono a wɔwɔ abɔnten so no so atew wɔ nnansa yi mfe du du no mu.[4] Na asono bɛyɛ 2,800 na ɔwɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2011 mu. Wɔ afe 2017 mu no, wɔbuu akontsaa dɛ asono nnu 2,000 wɔ Garamba, a ɛso ateɛ kɛseɛ firi bɛyɛ 20,000 a wɔbɔɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ 1960 ne 1970 mfeɛ no mu no.[5][3][17] Wɔkunkum asono 22 wɔ afe 2012 mu, na wɔ afe 2014 mu no, abɔmmbɔfo kunkum Garamba asono 68 wɔ bosoom ebien mu.
Giraffe dodow a wɔbɔ ho amannye no gu ahorow, nanso ɔkyerɛ dɛ ɔso atew wɔ ɔkwan a ɔkɔ akyir do. Sɛnea Mongabay kyerɛ no, nyimpa dodow a wɔkyerɛw too hɔ dɛ dodow no ara yɛ 300 wɔ 1976 mu, na wɔbɔɔ amannye dɛ ɔbor 100 wɔ afe 2008 mu. Times Kaseɛbɔ Krata (The Times) kae dɛ na giraffes 356 na ɔwɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1993 mu, na ebeduu afe 2007 no, na wɔyɛ eduawɔtwe esia (86) pɛ. Kristofo Nyansahu Ho Nhwehwɛmu (Christian Science Monitor) kaa dɛ na ɔyɛ eduawɔtwe esia (86) wɔ afe 2003 mu na ɔyɛ 38 pɛ wɔ afe 2016 mu. Giraffe 55 na ɔwɔ abɔntsen do, ɔdze besi afe 2020. Abɔdze a wɔkyer mmoa we hɔn no yɛ esiane kɛse ma Garamba giraffe dodow no.
Ber bi na ɔwɔ asifi fam rhinoceros fitaa a wɔyɛ wuram mmoa a etwa to wɔ abɔntsen do atrae hɔ. Wɔbɔɔ atsifi fam rhinos fitaa duanum pɛ ho amannye wɔ Garamba wɔ 1980 mfe no finimfin, na ɔmaa wɔdze abɔntsen do atrae no kaa UNESCO Wiadze Agyapadze a ɔwɔ esiane Ho Kyerɛwtohɔ no ho. Wɔ afe 2003–2004 mu no, wɔbɔɔ amannye dɛ na rhinos fitaa 20 kosi 25 wɔ abɔntsen do.
Hɔnakyerɛw mmoa ahorow 138 a wɔnom nufusu na nnomaa ahorow 286, a ɔkyerɛwfo anomaa no ka ho, wɔ abɔntsen do.
Nkitahodzi a ɔda nyimpa na wuram mmoa ntsam wɔ abɔntsen do nye dzea etwa ho ehyia no ama nyimpa na wuram mmoa ntsam ntawntawdzi aba. Mpɔtsam hɔ na South Sudanfo abɔmmbɔfo hwehwɛ asono, na wɔtaa hwehwɛ asonse (ivory). Garamba wuram mmoa nso nya nkɛntsɛndo wɔ akuw tse dɛ Huda na Wodaabe (anaa "Mbororo") a wɔrehwehwɛ edzidzibea.