Talchum
Talchum (탈춤 t'alch'um) yɛ Korea asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim saw, na mpɛn bi no ndwomtow na asaw ka ho.
Ɔwɔ mu dɛ asɛmfua talchum wɔ fa ne nkyerɛase dɛ ɔyɛ asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim saw dzi dɛm agor a Korea nkorɔfo saw, ɔyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɔfa kasa ɔyɛ mantam asɛmfua a wɔdze ma asaw ma Hwanghae mantam wɔ nda North Korea.Asaw fri Seoul anaa Gyeonggi mantam agye dzin dɛ sandae noli, wɔ aber a asaw a ofri southern coast abɛyɛ yayu (야유), a ne nkyerɛ ase nye "field play", anaa Obangsinjang, ne nkyerɛ ase nye "dance of five gods". Ibom, ndɛ mber yi w'agye Talchum ato mu dɛ ɔyɛ asɛmfua wɔdze ma asaw agordzi a wɔdze nkataenyim yɛ.
Asaw ahorow no sanso dze sini na awensɛm ka ho, agordzifo a wɔhyɛ nkataenyim no gyina hɔ ma nkorɔfo, mbowa, na sunsum mpo. Dɛm awensɛm agordzifo yi kyerɛ ahohiahia a nyimpakuw a hɔn ho kyir hɔn fa mu wɔ elite yangban nsamu.
History[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Talchum nyaa n'ekyir fri Korea nkuraase dɛ ɔka shaman amandze ho. Ɔbɛyɛ enigye dwumadzi a w'agye dzin yie. Nna wodzi dɛm agordzi dwuma yi wɔ ahenfie mu—wɔ Goryeo mber mu, Agordzi asaw a wɔdze nketa enyim yɛ ne dwumadzi bea(Sandae Togam) na ɔhwɛ ma dɛm asaw no kɔ do. Wɔ yii dɛm agordzi dwumadzi bea no friji hɔ wɔ Joseon mber mu.
Themes and characteristics[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Agordzi asaw a wɔdze nketaenyim yɛ no kyɛ ngyinado nhyehyɛe kor na ibom nsesa kakra ba mu wɔ mantam ahorow mu na agordzifo a oredzi dwuma no. Nsɛmtsir no bi nye amandze a wɔdze tu ahohom fi, amandze asaw, aserɛwsɛm, kasakoa a ɔfa nyimpa ne mbrawyɛ ho, bɔne ahorow a ɔkɔ do wɔ mantam, na nyimpa etsitsir ho nsɛm. Wosii atwetwe dze gye hɔn ahwɛfo hɔn enyiwa fa Buddhist monks, mbanyimfo a hɔn dzibew wɔ sor na wonnyi suban, na hɔn a wɔyɛ shaman. Nsɛmtsir kor so a w'agye dzin yɛ mansotwe a ɔwɔ yer a w'ayɛ panyin na mpenafo ɔdadaafo hɔn ntsɛmu. Mantam biara wɔ nsesa kakra wɔ mu, agordzi dwuma a wɔ nkataenyim yɛ no nna wɔ yɛ no wɔ aber a bosom a w'ayɛ ma no dzi kan puei ,Buddha n'awoda (석가탄신일) do wɔ da ɔtɔ do awɔtwe wɔ bosom a ɔtɔ do anan, Afahyɛ, na Chuseok. Nsesa ahorow no wodzi dɛm dwuma no afahyɛ dwumadzi ase anaa wɔ amanbrɛ a ɔdze nsutɔ beba. Ahwɛfo hɔn ahokeka nso dze akotsen wɔ asaw no mu.
Procedure[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim yɛ no wɔ nkyekyɛmu akɛse esuon.
Ohene a odzi kan (상좌, Sang-Jwa) n'asaw yɛ amanbrɛ asaw a ɔfa abosom anan ho (사신도, 四神圖), ne nkyerɛase nye dɛ 'wobotu ahohom fi'.
Dza ɔtɔ do ebien no monk awɔtwe hɔn asaw a, ono nye beopgonori odzi kan na dza ɔtɔ do ebien. Monk bɔne nyi n'asaw kyerɛ adze a w'asei, ɔda ne ho edzi kyerɛ akyerɛwfo na asaw, enyidze mu ma otse biara. Beopgonori ka aserewsɛm fa banyin na basia a wɔreyi hɔn ntar a mbra sukuu wɔ hɔn kɔn mu. Ndɛ mber yi,[when?] beopgonori w'ayew.
Dza ɔtɔ do ebiasa no yɛ Sadang asaw (사당춤) agyinatufo esuon na wodzi dɛm dwuma yi(거사, Geo-sa), na opuei wɔ abosomfie a wɔdze ahoɔfɛw esiesie no. Sɛ wɔpam kunafo fri abosmfie wɔ dɛ oresi atwetwe a, hɔn mu esuon tow agordzi ndwom.
Dza ɔtɔ do anan yɛ veteran asaw (노장춤, No-Jang). Asaw no kyerɛ kasatia fa Buddhist monk a nna wɔ yi n'ayɛw dɛ Buddha ɔtse ase wɔ Somu (소무, So-moo), basiaba a ɔwɔ bea wɔ nom nsa, anaa mpenafo.
Dza ɔtɔ do enum no yɛ gyata Buddha asoma no dɛ ombotwe hɔn asowa dɛ wɔ dzii nkogu wɔ gyata asaw mu. Wɔbɔ mbɔdzen dɛ wobedzi hɔn edziban na wɔtsie bɔne a ibinom ayɛ na wɔdze kyɛ na wɔsaw bɔ mu.
Dza ɔtɔ do esia no yɛ ma wɔ nye yangban ebiasa no kasa (nyimdzeefo ) enuanom mbanyinfo,stake na yangban, wɔdze yangban asaw. Wɔdze fa agor a wɔdze beyi hɔn tsenabea fofor, Sijojigi ('yɛ awensɛm', 시조짓기), Paja Nori (yɛ awensɛm a ɔwɔ nkyekyɛmu anaa Hanja w'aka abɔmu , 파자놀이), na wɔrekye chuibbali ('nyimpa a owia amanfo hɔn sika', 취발이). Wɔ agordzi no mu no, Malttoki ('ahenkyɛw', 말뚝이) dze akyerɛwsɛm na kasatia dze bɔ yangban hɔn ekyir.
Dza ɔtɔ do esuon hyia Young-gam (영감, 'banyin panyin anaa edwumayɛnyi a ne dzibew wɔ famu') na Mi-Yal-Hal-mi (미얄할미), a wɔ tsew no ho wɔ tumultuous asaw mber, na wɔ nyaa akasakasa osian mpenafo hɔn fie, na ɔdze brɛɛ hɔn, na Mi-Yal ma Young-gam brimm no ma owui. Mbanyin panyin a wɔfrɛ no Namgang puei na ɔfrɛ shaman dɛ onbɛyɛ Jin-Ogwi amandze(진오귀굿). Wɔ kyerɛ amanehun a hom a wɔyɛ edwuma no kɔ mu na mbanyinfo hɔn etsirmuɔdzen wɔ mbasiafo hɔn do osian tum a wɔdze war dodow ntsi, dwumadzi a ɔda ewiei no kyerɛ bea a asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim yɛ fri wɔ gut (굿, amandze a wɔyɛ no wɔ Korea).
Place of Performance[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Dwumadzi bea a ahomka wɔ mu na ahwɛfo beberee botum ehyia wɔ mu. Ahwɛfo no hwɛ agordzibea no do dɛ ma wɔretwa ho ehyia, ibom biribiara nnyi agordzibea no do, na efa kor pɛ na ɔwɔ agordzibea no do a ɔyɛ fie na wɔfrɛ no Gaebok-cheong na ehɔ na agordzifo no sesa hɔn nkata enyim na ntar. Ɔwɔ mu dɛ agordzi gyina bea no da fom ma ɔkɔ sor dɛ dwumadzi ngyinado , Bongsan Talchum nso ma dwumadzi ne ngyinado no kɔ sor. Ne siantsir nye dɛ eguadzifo bɔtɔn edziban na ibom onnyɛ dɛ wɔbɛyɛ ahwɛfo no kwan ma w'aba dwumadzi bea n'abansor mu.
Styles[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Agordzi asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim yɛ ekyima efri ɔman ne fa nyinara. Agordzi asaw a wɔdze nkataenyim yɛ bɛyɛ eduasa na ɔwɔ Korea ― Hwanghaedo mpatam ne Haeseo akwan, ibi nye Bongsan Talchum, Gangnyeong Talchum, Eunyul Talchum; Gyeonggi-do mpatam Yangju Byeolsandae, Songpa Sandae Noli Mask asaw ahorow ; Gyeongsangnam-do ne mpatam Suyeong Yayu, Dongnae Yayu, Gasan Ogwangdae, Tongyeong Ogwandae, Goseong Ogwangdae; Gyeongsangbukdo ne mpatam Hahoe byeolsingut talnori; Gangwon ne mpatam Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'guk nkataenyim asaw ; na Namsadang (mbanyimfo akwantufo a wɔyɛ agordzifo kuw ma Northern Line) Deotboegichum nkataenyim asaw. Na ma ɔka ho, Bongsan Talchum na Hahoe byeolsingut talnori yɛ ma w'agye hɔn dzin yie ndɛ.
Imaginary creatures in Talchum[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Yeongno (영노)
Abɔdze a ne hu yɛ hu dzi yangban abɔnefo no. Wɔ sini bi mu no,Sɛ dɛm abɔdze a no yɛ hu yi dzi yangban ɔha a, nna obotum akɔ ɔsor aheman mu.
Bibi (비비)
Ɔyɛ yeongno bi a, wɔyɛ bi-bi ndze ngyegyee. Wɔwɔ abɔdze a no yɛ hu ne tsir wɔ sor a osi nyimpadua do.
Jangjamari (장자마리)
Nsu mu ahohom. Wɔyɛ kɛse, wɔbɔ ndwom edwindadze, na wɔwɔ nsu mu nduadzeba wɔ hɔn ho. W'adze awoo kyerɛ hɔn su.
Wɔ Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'geuk,[definition needed] wɔka awoo asɛm a wɔdze hɔn na ewia ne ber mu nduaba n'aber, asaw, wɔrehyɛ ntar a ɔwɔ asaase a w'ayɛ no do edwuma ne kɔla, na w'asiesie no wɔ emo n'aba mu na dɛ nsu mu nduaba so.
Juji (주지)
Juji yɛ abodze bi a hɔn ho yɛ nwanwa. Wɔ sɛ nnoma a hɔn tsir yɛ nketsenketse anaa wotum nya tsir tse dɛ gyata. Adɔfo ebien huruw twa hɔn ho. Asaw wɔ adɔfo hɔn mu no gyina hɔ ma awoo. Ibom, asaw a ɔkɔ do wɔ gyata ebien hɔn ntsɛmu tum kyerɛ akwan a wɔpam ahohom bɔne.