Sumatra Trɔpekal Nsutaaekwaa Ewungyadze
| IUCN protected areas category | IUCN category III: Natural Monument or Feature  |
|---|---|
| Continent | Asia |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Located in/on physical feature | Sumatra |
| Coordinate location | 2°30′0″S 101°30′0″E |
| Significant event | list of World Heritage in Danger |
| Heritage designation | World Heritage Site |
| World Heritage criteria | World Heritage selection criterion (vii), World Heritage selection criterion (ix), World Heritage selection criterion (x) |
Wɔkyerɛw Sumatra Trɔpekal Nsutaaekwaa Ewungyadze bea no dɛ UNESCO Wdoiadze Agyapadze bea wɔ afe 2004. Ɔwɔ Indonesia ɔman mmɔntsen do atrae ebaasa a ɔwɔ Sumatra supɔw do: Gunung Leuser Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea, Kerinci Seblat Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea na Bukit Barisan Selatan Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea. Hɔn akyerɛw bea no dzin wɔ Criteria vii ase - a ɔyɛ fɛ a ɔda nsow wɔ mbea a ɔyɛ fɛ; ix- nhwɛdo a ɔda nsow a ɔgyina hɔ ma ndzɛmba a etwa hɛn ho ehyia na abɔdze a nkwa wom mu ndzɛmba a ɔho hia a ɔkɔ do; na x- kura abɔdze mu atraeɛ a ɔho hia na ɔho hia paa ma wɔkora do wɔ bea hɔ. Wɔdze Sumatra Kwaeɛ a ɔwɔ Ɔhyeɛ mu Agyapadze no ahyɛ Esiane Nwoma no mu fir afe 2011 dɛ ɔbɛboa ama hɔn edzi ahunahuna a ɔfir mmoa a wɔkyere hɔn we, nnua a wɔtwa a mmara mma ho kwan, kuayɛ mu ntua, na nhyehyɛeɛ a hɔn ayɛ dɛ wɔbɛsi akwan afa bea hɔ no do.
Bea a Ɔwɔ Na Nye Kɛse[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Sumatra Kwae a ɔwɔ Osutɔber mu Agyapadze no wɔ ɔman mmɔntsen do atrae ebaasa: Gunung Leuser Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea (GLNP) (8629.75 km2), Kerinci Seblat Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea (KSNP) (13,753.5 km2) na Bukit Barisan Selatan Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea (BBSNP) (3568 km2). Kwae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wom no nyinara yɛ 25,000 km2. Wɔpaw Sumatra Trɔpekal Nsutaaekwaa Ewungyadze (Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra) osiandɛ, dzea edzi kan no, egyina hɔ ma kwae a ɔho hia wɔ Sumatra supɔw no do, osiandɛ abɔdze a nkwa wom ahorow ntsi, kwae a ɔwɔ fam na mbepɔw do no. Hɔn ayɛ supɔw kɛse a ber bi na ɔyɛ kwae a nsu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wom yi ayɛ mbea a atew nye ho, wɔ mfe 50 ntsam.
Dzea ɔtɔ do ebien no, ɔman no mmɔntsen do atrae ahorow a ɔka bom yɛ agyapadze no nyinara wɔ Bukit Barisan Mbepɔw no ekyi berɛmo tsitsir a wonyim no yiye, a wonyim no dɛ ‘Andes of Sumatra’ no do, na sɛ ɔwɔ hɔ nyinara a, wotumi hu ndzɛmba a ɔyɛ nwonwa. Bea biara mbepɔw no gyina hɔ ma mbepɔw a ɔho hia a ɔwɔ Sumatra nsase a ɔwɔ fam a wɔdze asi hɔ na hɔn anya nkɔdo no ekyi. Ɔtare Gunung Tujuh a ɔyɛ nwonwa (ɔtare a ɔkorɔn kyɛn biara wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apuei), Bepɔw Kerinci ogya bepɔw kɛse no anuonyam, ogya bepɔw, mpoano na nsukyen atare nkakraba pii a ɔwɔ abɔdze mu kwae tsebea horow mu no afrafra. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea Ɔhyew Kwae Agyapadze a ɔwɔ Bukit Sumatra no yɛ fɛ.
Dzea etwa do no, ɔman no mmɔntsen do atrae ebaasa no nyinara wɔ mbea ahorow a egu ahorow yiye na ɔwɔ abɔdze a nkwa wom ahorow a ɔda nsow. Sɛ wɔka nye nyinara bom a, mbea ebaasa no yɛ afifidze ahorow nyinara mu 50%, wɔ Sumatra. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, hɔn ahu mmoa ahorow 92 a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ mpɔtam hɔ wɔ GLNP mu. Nhwiren a ɔso kyɛn biara wɔ wiadze (Rafflesia arnoldi) na nhwiren a ɔwar kyɛn biara (Amorphophallus titanum) nyinara dodo wɔ dzin a wɔdze too gua no mu. Nnansa yi ara na Sumatra Kwae a ɔwɔ Ɔhyew Mu no abɛyɛ Wiadze Agyapadze Kyerɛwtohɔ no fa, wɔ afe 2004. Wɔdze Sumatra kwae a nsu tɔ kɛse wom no hekta ɔpepem 2.5 kaa Amanaman Nkabom Nwomasua, Nyansahu na Amandze Ahyehyɛdze (UNESCO) no Wiadze Agyapadze Kyerɛwtohɔ no ho osiandɛ ɔyɛ adzefo na abɔdze a nkwa wom ahorow ahorow a ɛsono emu biara. Sumatra yɛ Indonesiafo a ɔso kyɛn biara a Indonesia nkutoo na ɔwɔ.
Asase Ho Nsɛm Na Wim Tsebea[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Gunung Leuser Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea a ɔwɔ supɔw no atsifi fam no tsentsen yɛ kilomita 150, nye tsɛtrɛtsɛ bor kilomita 100 na ne fa kɛse no ara yɛ mbepɔw. 40% wɔ abɔntsen do atrae no yɛ mbepɔwmbepɔw, na ɔbor mita 1,500. 12% a ɔwɔ abɔntsen do no nkutoo, wɔ anafo fam fa a ɔwɔ fam no, wɔ fam kyɛn mita 600 nanso kilomita 25 no tu mbirika fa mpoano. Nkoko dukro no tsentsen bor mita 2,700 na bea a ɔkorɔn kyɛn biara nye Gunung Leuser a ɔkɔ mita 3,466. Wɔfrɛ bea a etwa Gunung Leuser ho ehyia no Leuser Ndzɛmba a etwa hɛn ho ehyia ho nhyehyɛ (Leuser Ecosystem).
Kerinci Seblat Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea a ɔwɔ finimfin no trɛw kilomita 350 wɔ Bukit Barisan ekyi, na sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ne tsɛtrɛtsɛ yɛ kilomita 45 na ɔkorɔn kyɛn po mita 2000. Atsifi fam fa no wɔ mbepɔw a ɔwɔ fam wɔ epuei fam, a ɔwɔ 800–1500 m ntam. Abɔntsen do atrae no nkyem anan mu ebaasa yɛ mbepɔwmbepɔw. Bepɔw a ɔkorɔn kyɛn biara, na ogya bepɔw a ɔkorɔn kyɛn biara wɔ Indonesia na Bepɔw Kerinci a nye tsentsen yɛ mita 3,805.
Bukit Barisan Selatan Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea nso tsentsen yɛ kilomita 350 nanso dɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ne tsɛtrɛtsɛ yɛ kilomita 45 pɛ. Atsifi fam nkyem ebaasa mu ebien yɛ abotsan, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nye tsentsen yɛ mita 1,500 a nye sorokɔ kyɛn biara, Bepɔw Pulung no gyina mita 1,964. Anafo fam fa no wɔ fam; 90 km a ɔwɔ mu no yɛ cape na abɔntsen do atrae no nye po no hye do nye tenten fa. Nsubɔntsen pii fi mmɔntsen do na atare na nsu a ɔyɛ hyew pii wɔ hɔ.
Mbepɔw no wɔ afe mũ no nyinara ɔhyew a ɔkɔ soro a ɔsakra kakraa bi, ɔhyew a ɔkɔ soro na nsu a ɔtɔ kɛse asram 9 wɔ mbea a nsu tɔ kɛse, asram 7 wɔ mbea a nsu tɔ kɛse. Saa wim tsebea yi ahyɛ mmoa ahorow a ɔdɔɔso (nnomaa ahorow fofor a wɔhyehyɛ) na mmoa ahorow ahorow a ɔdɔɔso ho nkuran. Gunung Leuser, nya nsutɔ mm 3000, wɔ atsifi fam, na ɔboaboa mm 4657 ano wɔ asase a ɔwɔ fam no anafo fam. Sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, ɔhyew no yɛ 21 °C kosi 28 °C na ɔhyew no bor 60% ber nyinara, tsitsir ber a ɔbor 1700 m. Wɔ Kerinci Seblat no, nsu tɔ yɛ mm 2990, ɔhyew fi 16° kosi 28 °C na ɔhyew no yɛ kɛse ber nyinara (77-90%). Wɔ Bukit Barisan Selatan no, abotsan atɔe fam no yɛ nsu tsitsir wɔ Ɔberɛfɛw kosi Esusow Aketseaba nsutɔber mu: nsu tɔ yɛ 3000–4000 mm. Epuei fam no yɛ kusuu, Nsu tɔ 2500–3000 mm na ɔhyew no fi 20° na 28 °C.
Nhwiren Na Mmoa a Ɔwɔ Hɔ[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
GLNP yɛ Indonesia mpɔtsam 18 a Wiadze Nyinara Foto a ɔhwɛ Abɔdze Do (World Wide Fund for Nature - WWF) de ahyɛ wiadze nyinara abɔdze a nkwa wom mpɔtsam 200 a ɔho hia ma wiadze no mu abɔdze a nkwa wom a wɔkora do no fa. mmoa a wɔnom nufusu 174, 3 na ɔwɔ hɔ na hɔnakyerɛw 21 dzin dɛ hɔn ho reyɛ esian wɔ afe 2000. Kakraa bi na wonyim fa mmoa nketsewa a wɔnom nufusu no ho. Hɔnakyerɛw nnomaa ahorow 380 dzin, na 13 wɔ hɔ na 52 wɔ esian mu. Nnomaa ahorow a ɔho hia no bi: orangutan, Sumatran ɔkraman, na bonsu a nye ho yɛ mprako. Afifide a ɔho hia ne: Rafflesia arnoldi, na Amorphophallus titanum. Nnomaa ahorow pii a ɔho hia: Rueck’s blue-flycatcher, na dua ananse a ɔwɔ ntsaban fitaa.
Wɔ KSNP mu no, hɔnakyerɛw mmoa a wɔnom nufusu ahorow 85 ho kyerɛwtohɔ, 5 a ɔwɔ hɔ na 23 a hɔnakyerɛw wɔn dzin dɛ wɔrehunahuna no dzin nnomaa ahorow 370 dzin, 13 yɛ dzea ɔwɔ hɔ na 58 wɔ esian mu. Nnua a wɔnom nufusu ahorow bi a ɔho hia: Bornean clouded leopard, Asian tapir, na Sumatran rhino. Sumatra asono dodow a ɔwɔ Kerinci Seblat Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea no na dodow a hɔnakyerɛw ato hɔ kyɛn biara, na ɔma ɔyɛ Asase 12 a ɔho hia Wɔ Wiadze Nyinara a Wɔkora Asono Do no mu ɛkoro. Nnomaa ahorow pii a ɔho hia: dua ananse a ɔwɔ ntsaban fitaa na Sumatran fam-kukɔ. Afifide ahorow a ɔho hia no mu kakraa bi: Hopea beccariana na Shorea ovalis ssp. seicea a ɔyɛ hu.
BBSNP, wɔ mmoa a wɔnom nufusu 98 a hɔnakyerɛw wɔn dzin, a ɛkoro a ɔwɔ hɔ na 25 a ɔrehunahuna no na hɔakyerɛw nnomaa ahorow 379 dzin, 7 yɛ dzea ɔwɔ hɔ na 58. Hɔnakyerɛw mmoa a wɔwea fam na mmoa a wɔtse nsu mu na mmoa ahorow 59. BBSNP wɔ nnomaa ahorow koro no ara a KSNP wɔ no. Nufuboa ahorow bi a ɔho hia: Sumatran asono.