Nan Madol

ruins, archaeological site, artificial island
Native label	Nan Madol
Country	Federated States of Micronesia
Capital of	Saudeleur dynasty
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Madolenihmw
Coordinate location	6°50′31″N 158°19′56″E
Significant event	list of World Heritage in Danger
Heritage designation	National Register of Historic Places listed place, National Historic Landmark, World Heritage Site
Official website	https://www.nan-madol.com/
World Heritage criteria	World Heritage selection criterion (i), World Heritage selection criterion (iii), World Heritage selection criterion (iv), World Heritage selection criterion (vi)

Nan Madol yɛ bea a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tsetsefo ndzɛmba a ɔbɛn Pohnpei supɔw no epuei fam mpoano, a mprempren ɔyɛ Madolenihmw mantsam a ɔwɔ Pohnpei mantsam mu wɔ Micronesia Aman Nkabom no mu wɔ Pacific Po no atɔe fam no fa. Nan Madol yɛ Saudeleur ahemman no ahenkurow kosii bɛyɛ afe 1628. Kurow no, a wosii wɔ ɔtare bi mu no, yɛ nsupɔw nketsewa a wɔdze nsa ayɛ a ɔtoatoa do a ɔnam nsutsen a ɔwɔ ntam. Bea no mu a ɔwɔ abo afasu no etwa bea bi a nye tsentsen bɛyɛ kilomita 1.5 na nye tɛtrɛtɛ bɛyɛ kilomita 0.5 ho ehyia na ɔwɔ nsupɔw nketsewa bɛyɛ 100 a wɔdze nsa ayɛ—abo na akoradze a wɔdze hyɛ mu ma—a asorɔkye nsutsen etwa ho ehyia.

Edzin Nan Madol no kyerɛ "wɔ ntamgyinafo no mu" na ɔkyerɛ nsutsen a ɔfa amamfõ no ho. Mfitiase dzin no nye Soun Nan-leng (Ɔsoro Abotan), sɛnea Gene Ashby kyerɛ wɔ nye nhoma Pohnpei, An Island Argosy mu. Kurow a asɛe no yɛ nnɛyi fam tutu mu ahintasɛm akɛse no mu ɛkoro na ɔtɔ mber bi a wɔfrɛ no "Atlantis", "wiadze anwonwadze a ɔtɔ do awotwe," anaa "Venice a ɔwɔ Pacific".

Abakɔsɛm[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Nan Madol yɛ Saudeleur Ahemman no amannye na amammui atrae, a ɔkaa Pohnpei nyimpa dodo a wobu akontaa dɛ ɔyɛ 25,000 boom kosii bɛyɛ 1628 mu. Ná ɔda nsow wɔ Pohnpei supɔw kɛse na Temwen Supɔw no ntsam, na na ɔyɛ bea a nyimpa kɔ do yɛ edwuma wɔ afeha a edzi kan anaa nea ɛto so abien Y.B. Eduu afeha a ɔtɔ do 8 anaa 9 no, na hɔn afi ase resi nsupɔw nketsewa, na wofii ase sii megalithic adansi soronko no wɔ 1180–1200 A.D.

Kakraa bi na wobetumi akyerɛ dɛ ɔyɛ nokwar wɔ abo akɛse a wɔdze sii dan no ho. Pohnpefo atsetsesɛm ka dɛ hɔn a wosii Leluh fam tutu bea a ɔwɔ Kosrae (a saa ara nso na abo adan akɛse na ɔwom) no tu kɔɔ Pohnpei, faako a wɔdze hɔn ahokokwaw na osuahu no sii Nan Madol dan a ɔyɛ nwonwa kɛse mpo no. Radiocarbon ber a wɔdze kyerɛ ber no kyerɛ dɛ Nan Madol dii Leluh anyim; entsi, ɔda edzi kɛse dɛ Nan Madol nyaa Leluh do nkɛntsɛndo.

Sɛnea Pohnpefo anansesɛm kyerɛ no, nkonyaayifo mmanoma Olisihpa na Olosohpa a wofi anansesɛm mu Atɔe Fam Katau, anaa Kanamwayso, na wosii Nan Madol. Enuanom no dze hyɛmma kɛse bi duu hɔ rehwehwɛ baabi a wobesi afɔremuka sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ a wobetumi asom Nahnisohn Sahpw, kuayɛ nyame no. Ber a enuanom ebien no fii ase atoro mprɛn pii akyi no, wotumi sii afɔremuka bi wɔ Temwen Supɔw no ho, faako a wɔyɛɛ hɔn amannye ahorow no. Wɔ anansesɛm mu no, enuanom yi dze ɔtweaseɛ bi a ɔretu boaa abo akɛse no. Ber a Olishpa wui osiane onyin ntsi no, Olosohpa bɛyɛɛ Saudeleur a odzi kan. Olosohpa waree ɔhɔnom bea bi na ɔwoo awo ntoatoado duɛbien, na ɔwoo Saudeleur sodifo afoforo duɛsia a wofi Dipwilap ("Ɔkɛseɛ") abusua no mu.

Hɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ ahemman no dzii tumi wɔ ayamye mu, ɔwom dɛ hɔn a wodzii hɔn akyi no dze ndzɛmba a na ɔrekɔ soro ber nyinara fi hɔn manfo hɔ dze. Hɔn ahenni no baa awiei ber a Isokelekel a ɔno nso tse Nan Madol no ntua no bae, ɔwom dɛ hɔn a wodzii n’adze no gyaw bea no. Polandni mmusuakuw ho nyimdzefo na po ho ɔbenfo John Stanislaw Kubary kaa Nan Madol ho asɛm a edzi kan a ɔkɔ akyir wɔ 1874 mu.

Botae Na Ndzɛmba a Ɔwom[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Ná elite center no yɛ bea tsitsir a anuonyamfo tra na funu dwumadzi ahorow a asɔfo dzi enyim. Ɔkame ayɛ dɛ emu nyimpa dodo antra 1,000, na ebia na ennu saa fa. Ɔwom dɛ na nyimpa a wɔtse hɔ no mu pii yɛ mpanyimfo dze, nanso na hɔn mu dodo no ara yɛ mpapahwekwa. Nan Madol yɛɛ edwuma fa bi dɛ ɔkwan a Saudeleur mpanyimfo a wodzi tumi no bɛfa do ayɛ nhyehyɛe na hɔn edzi hɔn a wobetumi nye hɔn asi akan no do dzenam hwehwɛ a wɔhwehwɛ dɛ wɔtra kurow no mu kyɛn dɛ wɔbɛtra hɔn kurom amansin mu, baabi a na ɔyɛ dzen dɛ wɔbɛhwɛ hɔn dwumadzi ahorow do no do.

Madol Powe, afunu edwumayɛbea no, wɔ nsupɔw nketsewa 58 wɔ Nan Madol atsifi fam apuei fam. Ber bi na asɔfo atrae na wɔtse nsupɔw nkakraba dodo no ara do. Nsupɔw nkakraba bi dzii atsirimpɔw tsitsir bi ho dwuma: edziban a wosiesie, hyɛmma a wosii wɔ Dapahu, na akutu ngo a wosiesie wɔ Peinering. Afasu atsentsen a etwa adamoa ho ehyia no wɔ Peinkitel, Karian, na Lemenkou, nanso dzea ɔda nsow kyɛn biara nye adehye afunu supɔw kakraba Nandauwas, faako a afasu a nye sorokɔ yɛ mita 5.5–7.5 (anammɔn 18–25) etwa ɔdamoa a hɔn abɔ ho ban wɔ finimfin wɔ adiwo kɛse no mu ho ehyia. Wɔsii eyi maa Saudeleur a odzi kan no.

Wɔ Nan Madol no, nsu pa anaa edziban biara nni hɔ; ɔsɛ dɛ wɔboaboa nsu ano na wodua edziban wɔ asase no mu. Wɔ Saudeleur nnyiso mu no, Pohnpefo dze edziban na nsu a ɔho hia bae dzenam hyɛmma so. Saudeleurfo nyaa edziban wɔ supɔw pɔtsee bi do — dzea odzi kan no Peiniot, na akyir yi Usennamw a ɔbɛn no.

Bɛyɛ afe 1628 mu, ber a Isokelekel tuu Saudeleurfo gui na ofii Nahnmwarki ber no ase no, Nahnmwarkifo no tse Nan Madol, nanso na ɔsɛ dɛ wɔboaboa hɔn ankasa nsu ano na wodua hɔn ankasa edziban. Wosusuw dɛ na ɔmaa awiei koraa no wogyaee Nan Madol na wɔsan kɔɔ hɔn ankasa mantsam mu, ɔwom dɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɔkyerɛ dɛ wogyaee bea a ɔyɛ dzen no, tse dɛ nyimpa dodo a ɔso atew kɛse dze.

Nyimpa Abakɔsɛm Na Abakɔsɛm a Edzi Kan Ho Adesua[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Ɛnnɛ Nan Madol yɛ fam tutu mantam a ne kɛse bor kilomita ahinanan 18 (akwansin ahinanan 6.9) na dzea ɔka ho nye abo adan a wɔdze asi akoradze a ɔyɛ tratraa bi a ɔwɔ Temwen Supɔw no mpoano, nsupɔw nketsewa afoforo pii a wɔdze nsa ayɛ, na Pohnpei supɔw kɛse no mpoano a ɔbɛn hɔ no. Bea no mu fa a ɔwɔ abo afasu no etwa bea bi a nye tsentsen bɛyɛ kilomita 1.5 na 0.5 (akwansin 0.93 na 0.31) a nsupɔw nketsewa bɛyɛ 100 a wɔdze nsa ayɛ —abo na akoradze a wɔdze hyɛ mu ma—a asorɔkye nsutsen etwa ho ehyia no ho ehyia.

Carbon dating kyerɛ dɛ abo akɛse a wɔdze sii dan wɔ Nan Madol no fii ase bɛyɛ A.D. 1180 ber a woyii basalt abo akɛse fii ogya bepɔw bi a ɔwɔ Pohnpei fa a ɔnye no bɔ abira no mu no. Ɔbɛyɛdɛ nyimpa a wodzii kan traa Pohnpei no bɛyɛ AD 1 ɔwom dɛ radiocarbon ber a wɔdze kyerɛ no kyerɛ dɛ nyimpa dwumadzi fii ase bɛyɛ AD 80–200.

Wɔ 1985 mu no, wɔdze Nan Madol amamfõ no too gua dɛ Ɔman Abakɔsɛm Agyiraehyɛdze.

Ɔdze besi dɛ wɔtoo mu wɔ afe 2012 mu no, wɔdze ndzɛmba a efi bea hɔ no kyerɛe wɔ Lidorkini Tsetse Ndzɛmba Akorae.

Asaase tɔw Do Nsusuwii Ahorow a Ayew[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Ebinom akyerɛ Nan Madol ase dɛ Lemuria anaa Mu "asaase tɔw a ayew" no ɛkoro nkae. Nan Madol yɛ mbea a James Churchward kyerɛe dɛ ɔyɛ mu asaase tɔw a ayew no fa no mu ɛkoro, na ofii ase wɔ nye afe 1926 nwoma " Mu Motherland Asaase tɔw a Ayew - The Lost Continent of Mu Motherland of Man mu".

Wɔ nye nwoma "Abo Kurow a Ayew - Lost City of Stones" (1978) mu no, ɔkyerɛwfo Bill S. Ballinger kyerɛ dɛ Helafo hyɛn mu edwumayɛfo na wosii kurow no c. 300 A.Y.B. David Hatcher Childress, ɔkyerɛwfo na nwoma dawurbɔfo, susuw dɛ Nan Madol na Lemuria asaase tɔw a ayew no wɔ abusuabɔ. Nwoma a hɔn ato dzin "Wiadze Nyinara Ehum Kɛse a Ɔreba No - The Coming Global Superstorm" a Art Bell na Whitley Strieber kyerɛɛw wɔ afe 1999 mu, a ɔkyerɛ dɛ wiadze nyinara hyew betumi dze wim tsebea do nkɛntsɛndo mpofirim na ɔyɛ hu aba no ka dɛ Nan Madol a wosii no, a wɔdze abodwokyɛr a emu yɛ dzen na basalt ndzɛmba a emu yɛ dur kɛse dzii dwuma no maa ɔho behiae dɛ wɔyɛ mfiridwuma ho nyimdze kɛse ahokokwaw. Osiandɛ ɔman a ɔtse saa biara nni hɔ wɔ nnɛyi kyerɛwtohɔ mu ntsi ɔbɛyɛ dɛ wɔdze akwan a ɔyɛ nwonwa sɛee ɔman yi.

Amandze a Agye Dzin[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Tɛlɛbihyɛn[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Featured on Destination Truth where these ruins are said to be haunted.
Featured on Ancient Aliens season 6 episode 9 which focuses on its possible extraterrestrial origins.
Featured as the main premise on episode 2 of the National Geographic TV series Lost Cities With Albert Lin.
Featured on "What On Earth?" season 4 episode 1 where it makes mention of Victor Berg, who opened some of the tombs on the island claiming he found bones of giants.

Nwoma Ahorow[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

The ruins of Nan Madol were used as the setting for a lost race story by A. Merritt, The Moon Pool (1918), in which the islands are called Nan-Tauach and the ruins are called the Nan-Matal.
Nan Madol and its history have been used as the basis of the novel Deep Fathom (2001) written by James Rollins.
In the comic Nameless by Grant Morrison and Chris Burnham, the city of Nan Madol is the location of the mythical Dream Key of Nan Samwohl.

Ndwom[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Nan Madol (1974) is an album recorded by Edward Vesala.
Nan Ma Dol is a song recorded by Endura and released on their Liber Leviathan album (1996).
Ruins of Nan Madol (2014) is a song recorded by audiomachine.

Agodzi Ahorow[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Nan Madol is a city-state in the Civilization VI game. If you levy their military, you get an achievement called "The Army of Cthulhu".

Hwɛ iyi Nso[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

List of places with columnar jointed volcanics