Meddah

Meddah yɛ dzin a wɔdze ma amambra mu nyimpa a ɔka awensɛm wɔ Turkey, odzi agor wɔ ahwɛfo kakrabi hɔn enyim, ibi nye coffeehouse ahwɛfo. Dɛm agordzi edwuma yi na wonyim no yie paa wɔ Ottoman Empire mber mu fi 16th century rokɔ no. Agordzi no gyina asɛntsir kor nko ho, meddah agordzifo no dzi dwuma dɛ ogyina nyimpa dodow wɔ mu, na aber biara ɔtwe ahwɛfo no hɔn adwen gyina nyansapɔw a ɔwɔ awensɛm no mu. Meddah dze ndzɛmba bi tse dɛ kyim, dza wɔdze pepa hɔn enyim, anaa ma wɔdze hyɛ hɔn tsir pii, dze kyerɛ nsesa wɔ nyimpa a oridzi dwuma no, na otum sesa ne ndze na okasa wɔ kasa ahorow mu. Mber biara nda dwumadzi no do; meddah papa tum hyehyɛ awensɛm no wɔ akwan a ogyina do nye ahwɛfo no dze nkitsaho.

Tɔwbɔ

Meddah agordzifo yɛ akwantufo a nna wɔkɔ nkurow ase ahorow mu, ibi yɛ nkurow ahorow a na wɔwɔ spice road; amambra no ne ngyinado kɔ ekyir wɔ Homer mber mu. Meddah agordzifo hɔn dwumadzi akwan no nye nkorɔfo a hɔn ndwuma na hɔn akwanya dɛ wotu kwan dze ka awensɛm a ɔfa Greek nkyerɛwee a ɔfa tsetse amambra nsɛm ho a ɔnye Iliad na Odyssey no yɛ pɛr, na mbom awensɛm ne tsitsir na wɔyɛ Ferhat ile Şirin anaa Layla na Majnun. Meddah hɔn nkyerɛwee a wɔahyehyɛ no bi yɛ awɛnsɛm a nokwar wɔ mu, wɔ siesie no tse dɛ ma ahwɛfo no pɛ no, agordzifo na amambu nhyehyɛe asetsena.

Meddah a wɔwɔ Istanbul no agye dzin dɛ wɔdze ndwontow akadze ka hɔn awɛnsɛn ho: dɛm yi dze nsesa kɛse noara too East Anatolian Dengbêjin na hɔn nta mu.

Afe 2008 mu no, meddah dwumadzi no san dze kaa Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ho.

Abakɔsɛm

Meddah edwuma no hyɛɛ ase dɛ ɔsom akenkanfo na akokodurfo hɔn awensɛm, onyaa n'ekyir nsɛm wɔ Turkey amambra anomu akyerɛwsɛm. Onya ne ngyinado wɔ Turkey nkorɔfo a wotu kwan fi mbeambea na wɔtsena hɔ na shaman amambra a wɔdze fi Central Asia na mbom ɔnnyɛ nkyɛn, Turkey awensɛm nyaa ne ngyinado fi Arabic na Persian amambra fi 11th-13th centuries ama wɔabɛyɛ agordzifo kor ne agodzibea. Dɛm akenkanfo no hɔn awensɛm tsitsir no na wonyim no dɛ kıssahan, hɔn awensɛm no wɔ Islam mu nkyerɛkyerɛ dzendzenndzen a ɔma nkramofo a wɔyɛ ahwɛfo na wɔbɔ mbɔdzen dɛ wɔbɛsesa hɔn a wɔnnyɛ nkramofo ama wɔasesa hɔn ɔsom abɛka hɔn som no ho. Dɛm kıssahan no na wɔwɔ Seljuq mber mu na wɔkenkan Arabic na Persian awensɛm, Ali na Hamza hɔn ho nsɛm, dɛmara so na awensɛm fi One Thousand and One Nights. Dɛm awensɛm yi bɛyɛɛ kɛse wɔ mber mu ma wɔdze awensɛm bi tse dɛ Battal Gazi bɛkaa ho.

Kıssahan amambra toa do wɔ Ottoman mber mu, dɛ adansedzi wɔ kıssahan akyerɛwsɛm ndwuma wɔ ahemfie a wɔfrɛ no Mustafa wɔ Mehmed II n'ahendzi mu. Mber mu no, awensɛm akenkanfo nyinara bɛgyee dzin dɛ meddah na hɔn awensɛm benyaa hɔn ngyinado beberee faa wiadze mu nsɛm ho. Wɔhyɛɛ ase dɛ worusua mbowa na hɔn nsɛm a wɔdze twe ahwɛfo hɔn adwen. Hɔn a woesua adze akɔ ekyir kyerɛ dɛ, iyi sii "wɔ aber a Mohammeddan clergy siiw hɔn kwan dɛ mma wɔmmfa ahotsewfo biara hɔn dzin nnka hɔn agordzi ho". Dɛm ntsi, meddah agordzi no bɛyɛɛ agordzibea dwumadzi a ne ngyinado yɛ satire: hɔn nsɛntsir yɛɛ akokodurfo awensɛm tse dɛ ma osi wɔ daa abrabɔ mu; anansesɛm ahorow a ɔyɛ serew, wosuasua nsɛm a wɔtse na nkorɔfo a wonyim , "wodzi amambra nhyehyɛe ho fɛw" na wɔkasa tsia hɔn mpanyimfo, wɔ mber bi mpo dze hɔn sultan, bɛyɛɛ dza wɔka wɔ hɔn agordzi mu.

Fi 16th na 18th century mu no, meddah hɔn awensɛm no nsunsuando wɔ hɔn mantamu kɔr sor. Wɔgyee dzin kesii 20th century no mu. Mbom, meddah hɔn amambra no kɔr ewiei wɔ 20th century ne mfinimfin. Ɔnye Sururi yɛɛ edwuma kesii afe 1930 mu, na wɔbɛyɛɛ agordzifo a ewiei no wogyinaa maa dɛm agordzi no. Wɔ aber a amambra awensɛm kɔr famu wɔ story-telling Turkey mantamu no, dwumadzi kakrabi a meddah wɔ no ashik bɛgyee.