Meddah

Meddah ɔyɛ dzin a wɔdze ma amanbrɛ mu nyimpa ɔka awensɛm wɔ Turkey, odzi agor wɔ ahwɛfo kakrabi hɔn enyim, ibi nye coffeehouse ahwɛfo. Dɛm agordzi edwuma yi na wonyim no yie paa wɔ Ottoman Empire mber mu fri 16th century rokɔ no. Agordzi no gyina asɛmtsir kor nko ho, meddah agordzifo no dzi dwuma dɛ ogyina nyimpa dodow wɔ mu, na aber biara ɔtwe ahwɛfo no hɔn adwen gyina nyansapɔw a ɔwɔ awensɛm no mu. Meddah dze ndɛmba bi tse dɛ kyim, dza wɔdze pepa hɔn enyim, anaa ma wɔdze hyɛ hɔn tsir pii, dze kyerɛ nsesa wɔ nyimpa a oredzi dwuma no, na otum sesa ne ndze na okasa wɔ kasa ahorow mu. Mber biara nda dwumadzi no do; meddah papa tum hyehyɛ awensɛm no wɔ akwan a ogyina do nye ahwɛfo no dze nkitsaho.

Overview

Meddah agordzifo yɛ akwantufo a na wɔ kɔ nkurow ase ahorow mu, ibi yɛ nkurow ahorow a na wɔwɔ spice road; amanbrɛ no ne ngyinado kɔ ekyir wɔ Homer mber mu. Meddah agordzifo hɔn dwumadzi akwan no nye nkorɔfo a hɔn ndwuma na hɔn akwanya dɛ wɔ tu kwan dze ka awensɛm a ɔfa Greek nkyerɛwee a ɔfa tsetse amanbrɛ nsɛm ho onye Iliad na Odyssey no yɛ pɛr, na ibom awensɛm ne tsitsir na wɔyɛ Ferhat ile Şirin anaa Layla na Majnun. Meddah hɔn nkyerɛwee a w'ahyehyɛ no ibi yɛ awɛnsɛm a nokwar wɔ mu, wɔ siesie no tse dɛɛ ma ahwɛfo no pɛ no, agordzifo na amanbu nhyehyɛe asetsena.

Meddah a wɔwɔ Istanbul no agye dzin dɛ wɔdze ndwomtow akadze ka hɔn awɛnsɛn ho: dɛm yi dze nsesa kɛse n'ara too East Anatolian Dengbêjin na hɔn ntsɛm.

Wɔ 2008 meddah dwumadzi no wɔ san dze kaa Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ho.

History

Meddah edwuma no hyɛɛ ase dɛ osomm akenkanfo na akokodurfo hɔn awensɛm, onya n'ekyir nsɛm wɔ Turkey amanbrɛ anomu akyerɛwsɛm. Onya ne ngyinado wɔ Turkey nkorɔfo a wɔ tu kwan fri mbeambea na wɔ tsena hɔ na shaman amanbrɛ a wɔdze fri Central Asia na mbom onnyɛ nkyen, Turkey awensɛm nyaa ne ngyinado fri Arabic na Persian amanbrɛ fri 11th-13th centuries ama w'abɛyɛ agordzifo kor ne agodzibea. Dɛm akenkanfo no hɔn awensɛm tsitsir no na wɔ nyim no dɛ kıssahan, hɔn awensɛm no wɔ Islam mu nkyerɛkyerɛ dzendzendzen a ɔma nkramofo a wɔyɛ ahwɛfo na wɔbɔ mbɔdzen dɛɛ wɔbɛsesa hɔn a wonnyɛ nkramofo ama w'asesa hɔn osom abɛka hɔn som no ho. Dɛm kıssahan no na wɔwɔ Seljuq mber mu na wɔ kenkan Arabic na Persian awensɛm, Ali na Hamza hɔn ho nsɛm, dɛmara so na awensɛm fri One Thousand and One Nights. Dɛm awensɛm yi bɛyɛɛ kese wɔ mber mu ma wɔdze awensɛm bi tse dɛɛ Battal Gazi bɛkaa ho.

Kıssahan amanbrɛ toa do wɔ Ottoman mber mu, dɛ adansedzi wɔ kıssahan akyerɛwsɛm ndwuma wɔ ahenfie a wɔfrɛ no Mustafa wɔ Mehmed II n'ahendzi mu. Wɔ mber mu no, awensɛm akenkanfo nyinara bɛgyee dzin dɛ meddah na hɔn awensɛm benya hɔn ngyinado beberee faa ewiadze mu nsɛm ho. Wɔhyɛɛ ase dɛɛ wɔresua mbowa na hɔn nsɛm a wɔdze twe ahwɛfo hɔn adwen. Hɔn a w'esua adze akɔ ekyir kyerɛ dɛ, iyi sii "wɔ aber a Mohammeddan clergy siww hɔn kwan dɛɛ mma wɔ nnfa ahotsewfo biara hɔn dzin nnka hɔn agordzi ho". Dɛm ntsi, the meddah agordzi no bɛyɛɛ agordzibea dwumadzi a ne ngyinado yɛ satire: hɔn nsɛmtsir yɛɛ akokodurfo awensɛm tse dɛ ma osi wɔ daa abrabɔ mu; anansesɛm ahorow a ɔyɛ serew, wɔ suasua nsɛm a wɔtse na nkorɔfo wɔ nyim , "wɔ dzi amanbrɛ nhyehyɛe ho fɛw" na wɔ kasatia hɔn mpanyimfo, wɔ mber bi mpo dze hɔn sultan, ɔbɛyɛɛ dzaa wɔ ka wɔ hɔn agordzi mu.

Fri 16th na 18th century mu no, meddah hɔn awensɛm ne nsusuando wɔ hɔn mantam kɔɔ sor. Wɔ gyee dzin kosii 20th century no mu. Mbom, meddah hɔn amanbrɛ no kɔɔ ewie wɔ 20th century ne mfinfin , ɔnye Sururi, wɔyɛɛ edwuma kosii afe 1930, na wɔbɛyɛɛ agordzifo a ewiei no wɔ gyinaa ma dɛm agordzi no. Wɔ aber a amanbrɛ awensɛm kɔɔ famu wɔ story-telling Turkey mantam, dwumadzi kakrabi a meddah wɔ no ashik bɛgyee.