M'banza-Kongo
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| Official name | M'banza-Kongo  |
|---|---|
| Native label | M'banza-Kongo |
| Country | Angola |
| Capital of | Zaire Province, Kingdom of Kongo |
| Located in the administrative territorial entity | Zaire Province |
| Coordinate location | 6°16′0″S 14°15′0″E |
| Member of | União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas |
| Twinned administrative body | Rio de Janeiro |
| Present in work | Civilization V |
| Heritage designation | World Heritage Site, Heritage of Portuguese Influence |
| World Heritage criteria | World Heritage selection criterion (iii), World Heritage selection criterion (iv), World Heritage selection criterion (vi) |
M'banza-Kongo (Portuguese fo bɔ dzen dɛ: [ɐ̃ˈbɐ̃zɐ], [ĩˈbɐ̃zɐ], [mɨˈβɐ̃zɐ] anaa [miˈβɐ̃zɐ ˈkõɡu], w'agye dzin dɛ São Salvador wɔ Portuguese fri afe 1570 dze kɔ 1976; Kongo: Mbânza Kôngo), ɔyɛ ekurow ne tsir ma Angola ne northwestern Zaire Province[2][3] na wɔwɔ nyimpadom bɛyɛ 148,000 wɔ afe 2014.[4]M'banza Kongo nna ɔyɛ kurow ne tsir ma Kingdom of Kongo ofri aber a wosii si hɔ ansaana nkorɔfo a wɔyɛ Portuguese ba hɔ wɔ afe1483 ansaana woregu ɔman no wɔ afe 1915, osi nkyen dza ofri mber a wogyae no mu sii hɔ wɔ mber a akodzinsɛm sisii wɔ (civil wars) 17th century no mu.Wɔ afe 2017, M'banza Kongo wɔdze ka UNESCO ne ewiadze mu ndzɛmba a ogyina hɔ ma hɔn amanbrɛ (World Heritage Site) ho.[5]
Abakɔsɛm[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Mbanza-Kongo (nna wɔfrɛ no Nkumba a Ngudi, Mongo wa Kaila na Kongo dia Ngunga [6][7]) manikongo a odzikan na ɔyɛ dɛm nhyehyɛe no, Lukeni, wɔ akwantsia bi wodzi eguadzi ho nhyehyɛe wɔ hɔ.[8]: 202 Kingdom of Kongo wɔ ne dwumadzi a ɔwɔ sor no dur southern Africa ne Atlantic coast dze kɔ Nkisi River.Manikongo no ebusuakuw no mu hɔn mpanyinfo na wɔdze no sii do dɛ odzi hɔn do ɔhen wɔ 300 mi2, bea bi ndɛ ɔka aman beberee hɔn ho.Nyimpakuw a wofri Portuguese a wodzi kan dur hɔn wɔ afe 1491 no mu no dze nda 10 tuu kwan ansaana wɔredur hɔ wɔ Congo River n'ano.[9]
Tsetsee Ahenfo a wodzii kan kyerɛw hɔn ho nsɛm no kasafa hɔn nkurow no ho dɛ ɔyɛ " Congo kurow(the city of Congo)" (cidade do Congo), na edzin a wɔdze ma kurow no a ɔyɛ São Salvador no dzii kan puei mu wɔ Álvaro I ma Kongo (1568–1587) ne nkyerɛwee mu na nkorɔfo a wobedzii n'adze toa ne ndwuma no do.
Wɔ aber a nkorɔfo a wofri Portuguese bodur Kongo no, nna Mbanza Kongo w'abɛyɛ kurow kɛse dadaw, mpo na wosusu dɛ na ɔyɛ kɛse paa wɔ sub-equatorial Africa, na a letter from the Portuguese ɔman no mu panyin ne nkrataa a ɔdze kɔ ma Lisbon dze kurow no (ne ban a ɔwɔ no mu no)susuu Portuguese kurow a wɔfrɛ no Évora.[10]
Wɔ afe 1550 no Mbanza-Kongo maa ho kwan ma nyimpakuw bi a wɔyɛ Portuguese eguadzifo na Jesuit asɛmpakafo na dɛm nkorɔfo kaa hɔnho bɔmu na wɔ faa adwen a nka wɔdze reyɛ etu manikongo Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi.[8]: 217
Wɔ afe 1568 manikongo Alvaro I no wotuu no fri Mbanza-Kongo na dɛm dwumadzi yi by the invading Jagas a wotuu hɔn ho hyɛ hɔn do na wɔ dzii dɛm dwuma no, na wotuu kurow n'ase.Portuguese military boa Alvaro ma ne nsa ka kurow no ne tsir, na ibom na ɔwɔ dɛ ɔdze Luanda dzi dwuma, bea a nzimbu wonya hɔn sika a wɔdze dzi gua na ɔwɔ dɛ ɔman no dze dɛm sika no dze dwuma, a ɔkyerɛ akwan a wɔdze yɛ akatua ma mboa a wonnya fri hɔn hɔ.[8]: 218
Wɔ Ɔhen Afonso II n'amanbu no mu no, wɔdze adan a wɔdze mboba sisii no kaa ho, wɔdze ahenfie na asor dan beberee kaa ho.Mbanza-Kongo nyaa mpontu dɛ kingdom of Kongo no mu yɛ kɛse na wonyinii, na ecclesiastical nsɛmfua a na wɔka no wɔ afe 1630 no nye dza ɔfa 4,000-5,000 esubɔ ahorow kɔɔ do wɔ nkurow no mu na hinterland ahorow a wotwa hɔn ho hyia no (wosusu dɛ ɔyɛ botan no mu bon beberee a w'etwa hɔn ho ehyia), na ɔkɔ do ma nyimpakuw bɛyɛ 100,000.Dɛm yi, nna nkorɔfo 30,000 na wɔ tsena botan no do hɔn a wɔka ho no wɔ botan no mu bon ahorow a w'etwa nkurow no ho ehyia no.Dza ɔkeka adan a w'esisi a no ho hia no nna ɔyɛ asɔr dan ahorow du ebien, ibi nye São Salvador, nna ankorankor hɔn asɔr na oratories na ahemfie a ɔyɛ ahomka yie a otoado ebien, ɔda mu kor pɛ wɔ Kongo nyinara, ɔhɔho a wɔfrɛ no Giovanni Francesco da Roma kyerɛ mu dɛm(1648).[citation needed]
Wotuu kurow n'ase mpɛn pii wɔ akodzi mber no (civil wars) a odzii Mbwila n'ako nsɛm n'ekyir(anaa Ulanga) wɔ afe 1665, na wogyae no mu sii hɔ wɔ afe 1678.Wɔ sanso kɔ mu wɔ afe 1705 na Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita n'e abedzi ekyirfo na wɔkɔ hyɛɛ hɔ wɔdze no sanso sii hɔ dɛ Kongo ne kurow ne tsir na King Pedro IV ma Kongo wɔ afe 1709 na odzii dɛm dwuma no.[8]: 256 Nyimpa hɔn ase annhyew biom wɔ dɛm bea no na ibom nyimpakuw a wɔkɔ tsena dɛm bea no bordo wɔ 18th na 19th century.
Wɔsesa dzin no dze sanso kɔɔ "Kongo nkurow(City of Kongo)" (Mbanza Kongo) w'annkyɛr biara na ɔman Angola nyaa ne fahodzi.
Geography[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Mbanza-Kongo ɔda kwan a ɔben bea a ɔman Angola si a onye Democratic Republic of the Congo hyia mu.Ɔhyɛ dza wosusu dɛ ɔyɛ 6°16′0″S 14°15′0″E na osi bea bi a ɔyɛ ahomka paa wɔ obotan no do, mpɛn bi no wɔfrɛ no Mongo a Kaila (botan ɔdze nkyekyɛmu ba) osiandɛ mpanyimfo a wɔ wɔ dɛm aber yi mu no nya nkae dɛ ɔhen no hyehyɛ ebusukuw ahorow wɔ hɔn ɔman no mu na otuu hɔn ase frii hɔ.Wɔ botan no mu bon no mu dze kɔɔ south Luezi River no fa mu.
Climate[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
M'banza-Kongo wɔ tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) dɛmara nso kɔ do wɔ Kinshasa anaa Pointe-Noire, characterised by a fairly long though not intense wet season fri October dze kɔ May, na wosusu dɛ ɔpɛ mber no fri June dze kɔ September no kɔ do wɔ hɔ osian mframa nwin a ofri Benguela. Iyi ma nwimu dzen wɔ dɛm bosoom no mu.
Sites[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
M'banza Kongo agye dzin osian adan adadaw a wɔwɔ no fri 16th century Cathedral of the Holy Saviour of Congo (wosii no wɔ afe 1491 no mu), na nkorɔfo beberee a wofri Angola kyerɛ dɛ ɔyɛ asɔr a w'akyɛr yie wɔ sub-Saharan Africa.Ndɛ mber mu asɔr, wɔfrɛ no São Salvador, kurow no mu hɔ nyimpa ma no dzin bi dɛ nkulumbimbi, dɛmara yi wɔ kyerɛ dɛ abɔfo na wɔdze dɛm dan no sii hɔ wɔ mber tsia bi mu.Wɔdze no si gyinabea a ɔkyerɛ dɛ ɔyɛ cathedral wɔ afe 1596. Pope John Paul II wɔ aber a ɔkɔɔ Angola wɔ afe 1992 no mu no,ɔkɔ nserahwɛ wɔ hɔ.
Bea soronko bi nso a ogyina hɔ ma tsetsee abakɔsɛm a no ho hia yɛ dzaa wɔdze kae King Afonso I ne maame wɔ bea a wɔfa wimuhyɛn (airport), na dɛm nhyehyɛe yi kasafa panyin bi a ogyee dzin pa a ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ afe 1680 dɛ Ɔhen no sie ne maame wɔ aber a ne maame tsease osiandɛ nna me maame nnyɛ krado dɛ obegyae "abosom som bi" na maame nna ɔhyɛ dɛm abosomdze no wɔ ne kwan ho.
Mbea ahorow a no ho hia nye Jalankuwo, Manikongo ne atambu bu dua, na dɛm aber yi mpo dɛm dua no si bebia ɔyɛ downtown wɔ kurow no mu, onye sunguilu,na gyinaabea bi a ne nhyehyɛe dɛ famu a ɔsanso tse dɛ nhyehyɛdze a ɔyɛ rectangular na tsetsee amanbrɛ no ka dɛ wɔdze dɛm bea no hohow ɔhen a w'ewu no ho wɔ wɔ ansaana w'esie no.Dɛm nhyehyɛdze ebien no wɔ ahenfie na wɔdze ayɛ wɔdze ahenfo na amanbrɛ ho ndzɛmba siesie (Royal Museum)dɛm aber yi.[2]
Dɛm bea yi a wɔdze ahenfo na amanbrɛ ho ndzɛmba siesie(Royal Museum) yi, w'asanso esi dan no ma w'abɛyɛ dɛ ndɛ mber yi mu dze, adan a w'esisi wɔ hɔ yɛ ahomka fri tse ɔman no mu,ibom wɔ hwer adan beberee wɔ akodzi mber no mu (Civil War) wɔ afe 1976 dze kɔ 2002.
Nhwɛdo[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
Bibliography[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
• Ndamba, Josué. Kongo Kultur Vol.4. 2021 : Réhabiliter et s’approprier MBanza Kongo. La Loupe, N'Tamo (Brazzaville), Paris: Paari éditeur, 2022. (in French)