Abu Mena

archaeological site
Part of	list of World Heritage in Danger
Named after	Menas of Egypt
Country	Egypt
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Alexandria, Second Amreya district
Located in time zone	UTC+02:00
Location	Alexandria, Second Amreya district
Coordinate location	30°50′28″N 29°39′49″E
Heritage designation	World Heritage Site
World Heritage criteria	World Heritage selection criterion (iv)

Abu Mena (wɔsan kyerɛw Abu Mina; Koptik: ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲏⲛⲁ; Arabic: أبو مينا a wɔbɔ no [æbuˈmæyːnæ]) na ɔyɛ kurow, nkokorafie dan na Kristofo akwantu bea wɔ Late Antique Egypt, bɛyɛ kilomita 50 (akwansin 31) wɔ Alexandria anafo fam atɔe, a ɔbɛn New Borg El Arab kurow no. Wɔkyerɛ nye nkae no dɛ Wiadze Egyapadze wɔ afe 1979 mu esiane sɛnea bea no ho hia wɔ tsetse Kristosom mu ntsi. Ndzɛmba kakraa bi pɛ na ɔwɔ hɔ a ɔgyina hɔ, nanso ɔnyɛ dzen dɛ wobehu adan akɛse dodow no ara fapem tse dɛ asɔredan kɛse no.

Nnansa yi kuayɛ ho mmɔdzenbɔ a hɔn ayɛ wɔ mpɔtsam hɔ no ama nsu a ɔwɔ hɔ no akɔ sor kɛse, na ɔno ama bea no adan dodow bi abubu anaadɛ entumi engyina. Wɔdze bea no kaa Wiadze Egyapadze a Ɔwɔ Esiane Ho Kyerɛwtohɔ no ho wɔ afe 2001. Wɔhyɛɛ atumfo no ma wɔdze anhwea guu adan a esiane wom kɛse wɔ bea hɔ no ase.

Abakɔsɛm[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Wokum Menas a ofi Alexandria wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do ebaasa (3) awiei anaa afeha a ɔtɔ do anan (4) mfiase (hwɛ Kristosom a Edzi Kan): 16 Afeha a ɔtɔ do enum (5) na ekyir yi kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow no dze nye sie na n’asɔre a wɔdze sii hɔ ekyir yi no ho nkyerɛase ahorow a ɔsono emu biara kakra ma. Ndzɛmba a ɔho hia nye dɛ woyii nye funu fii Alexandria wɔ yoma do, na wɔdze kɔɔ sare a ɔwɔ Ɔtare Mareotis ekyi no do. Eduu baabi no, yoma no ampene do dɛ ɔbɛkɔ do anantew, ɔmfa ho mmɔdzen biara a ɔbɔe dɛ ɔbɛkanyan no no. Wɔfaa eyi dɛ ɔsor apɛdze ho sɛnkyerɛnne, na amu no asomfo siee no wɔ saa bea no.

Asɛm no nkyerɛase dodow no ara ka dɛ afei hɔn werɛ fii faako a ɔboda no wɔ kosii dɛ ɔhɔnom oguanhwɛfo bi san huu no anwonwakwan do. Efi Ethiopia Synaxarium (E.A.W. Budge, nkyerɛase):

Na Onyankopɔn pɛe dɛ ɔda Ɔhotsefo Mînâs nyimpadua [bea a] wɔ no edzi. Na oguanhwɛfo bi wɔ saa sar no do, na da kor bi oguan bi a na akisikuru no rehu amane no kɔɔ saa bea no, na ɔdze nye ho kɔhyɛɛ asubura ketsewa a ɔbɛn hɔ no mu, na ohuruw kɔɔ mu ɔno na ɔsaa no yareɛ ntsɛm ara. Na oguanhwɛfo no hunuu saa asɛm yi, na ɔtsee anwanwadze no ase no, nye ho dwir no paa. Na ɔno ekyi no, na ɔtaa yi mfutur no bi fir saa kronkronbea hɔ, na ɔdze nsu fra mu, na ɔdze petepete nguan no do, na dɛ wɔyare akisikuru no a, ɔnam do sa hɔn yare ntsɛm ara. Na yei na ɔtaa yɛ daa, na ɔnam saa kwan yi do saa ayarefo a wɔbaa nye nkyɛn no nyinara yare.

Asɛm a ɔfa oguanhwɛfo no ayaresa tumi ho no trɛwee ntsɛmntsɛm. Synaxarium no ka Constantine a odzi kan a ɔsomaa nye babea a ɔyare no kɔɔ oguanhwɛfo no nkyɛn dɛ ɔmmɛsa no yare no ho asɛm, na ɔka no dɛ ɔno na ohuu Menas amu no, na ɔno ekyi no Constantine hyɛɛ dɛ wonsi asɔredan bi wɔ bea hɔ. (Asɛm no nkyerɛase ahorow bi dze afeha a ɔtɔ do enum (5) awiei mu ɔhempɔn Zeno si Constantine ananmu, nanso fam tutufo akyerɛ dɛ wɔdze mfitiase fapem no sii afeha a ɔtɔ do anan (4) awiei). Eduu afeha a ɔtɔ do anan (4) awiei no, na ɔyɛ bea tsistir a Kristofo a wɔhwehwɛ ayaresa na anwonwadze afofor kɔ hɔ. Menas flasks yɛ terracotta ampullae nkakraba pɔtee bi a wɔtɔn ma akwantufo dɛ nsu kronkron anaa vigillamp-ngo kronkron a wɔdze gu mu a wohu no kɛse wɔ Mediterranea Atɔe Fam ho, bɛyɛ afeha na fa ansa na Nkramofo redzi nkonyim. Wɔyɛ hɔn a nye bo nyɛ dzen nanso wɔdze ɔhotsefo no mfonyi ahorow a ɔho hia wɔ mfonyi yɛ ho adzesua mu no enyi gye ho; wosusuw dɛ wɔyɛɛ no twaa kurow no ho hyiae.

Wɔ Arcadius nnyido no mu no, ɔhɔnom ɔsɔfo panyin no hui dɛ nyimpadɔm rehyɛ asɔre ketsewa no do. Ɔkyerɛw epuei fam ɔhempɔn no, na ɔhyɛɛ dɛ hɔn trɛw adan no mu kɛse, asɔre ntrɛwmu akɛse ebaasa (3) a awiei koraa no ɔbɛba no mu dzea edzi kan. Eduu tsetse mber a etwa to no awiei no, na Abu Mena abɛyɛ bea tsitsir a wɔyɛ akwantufo wɔ Misraim.

Wɔsɛee Abu Mena wɔ Nkramofo nkonyimdzi a edzi kan wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do euson (7) finimfin no mu.

Ndzɛmba a Wotutu Fam Hwehwɛ Tsetsefo Ndzɛmba Mu[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Wodzii kan tutuu bea no fi 1905 kosi 1907. Saa mmɔdzenbɔ ahorow yi maa wohuu basilica asɔredan kɛse bi, asɔredan bi a ɔbɛn hɔ a ɔbɛyɛ dɛ na ɔhotsefo no amu wɔ hɔ, na Romafo aguarebea ahorow.

Akyir yi, DAI tutu fam a ɔkɔɔ do ber tsentsen no baa awiei wɔ 1998. Ndzɛmba a wotutuu nnansa yi ara no huu ɔdan kɛse bi a akwantufo ehiafo tse mu, a na mmarima na mbesiafo na mbofra wɔ ntsaban ahorow. Ɔbɛyɛ dɛ na asɔredan kɛse bi a ɔwɔ asɔredan kɛse no anafo fam no yɛ hegoumenos, anaa ɔsɔfo panyin no atrae. Ndzɛmba a hɔn atutu no kyerɛ dɛ ebia mfiase no na xenodocheion kɛse a ɔyɛ bea a wogye akwantufo no yɛ amusiei. Ɔtse dɛ dzea asubɔbea bi, a ɔbɛn baabi a na mfitiase asɔre no sii no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, afa nkɔdo afa ebaasa mu. Afei nso wohuu nsa a wɔdze yɛ nsa a ɔyɛ dzen, a asase ase ndzɛmba a wɔkora do ka ho, a wɔyɛe wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do nsia (6) na euson (7) mu.

Nruhunahuna Ahorow[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Wɔdze bea a Abu Mena wɔ no kaa UNESCO Wiadze Egyapadze a Ɔwɔ Esiane ho dzin ho wɔ afe 2001 mu esiane ruhunahuna a ɔnye dɛ ɔhɔnom nsu a ɔrekɔ sor no ntsi. Nsu a ɔkɔ sor yi fi kuayɛ nkɔdo nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔdze asi hɔn enyi do dɛ wɔbɛsan agye asase no. Dɔtse dɔtse a ɔyɛ dzen a etwa bea no ho ehyia no betumi egyina adan do ber a ɔyow no. Nanso, ɔbɛyɛ dzea entumi egyina ber a ɔyɛ nsu no na ama abura na adan afofor a ɔfa tsetse kurow no ho no abubu. Ber a asase no bubu no, ntokur akɛse ba a ɔkata adan a ɔwɔ do no do.

Wɔyɛɛ adze ntsɛm ara dze anhwea hyɛɛ mbea a ɔho hia tsitsir no nnyinado ma na wɔtoo mu maa ɔmanfo. Wɔ mmɔdzen a wɔbɔe dɛ wɔbɛko atsia saa adzeyɛ yi no, Tsetse Ndzɛmba Ho Bagua Kuninyi no sɛee ɔpepem 45 dze tuu amena na wɔdze pɔmpɛ kaa ho a na wɔwɔ anyidado dɛ wɔbɛma nsu a wɔdze gugu nnɔbae do no nhyɛso do atew. Dzea ɔka ho no, wɔdze ban bi kaa ho sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ a wɔrenhyɛn mu na wɔanhunahuna no. Eyinom dzii yiye na woyii bea no fii UNESCO Wiadze Egyapadze a Ɔwɔ Esiane mu dzin mu wɔ afe 2009 mu.

Efi saa ber no, nsu akɔ do akɔ sor na asɛe nkaedum ahorow. Bea no san wɔ UNESCO Wiadze Egyapadze a Ɔwɔ Esiane mu dzin mu. Ndzɛmba a wɔhunuu dɛ ɔnya egyapadze no do nkɛntsɛndo bɔne nnansa yi ara wɔ afe 2018 mu no bi nye adan, dwumadzi a wɔhwɛ do, dwumadzi nhyehyɛeɛ, na nsu.

Adzeyɛ a Wɔbɛbɔ Ho Ban; a Wodze Besie Tsebea a Ahotɔ Wom[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Egypt aban no dze nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɔfa ntsɛmpɛ ho edzi dwuma na nokwar no,hɔn edzi ɔhaw a ɔfa nsu a ɔwɔ hɔ no ho dwuma, nanso mprempren aban no nnyi nhyehyɛe a edzi mũ a wɔdze bedzi ho dwuma anaa biribiara a ɔfa ho. Osiandɛ UNESCO hwehwɛ dɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔdze bedzi amandze na abɔdze mu mbea nyinara ho dwuma ntsi, wɔdze nsusuwii ahorow pii ama. Ɔkwan a wotumi dze ho to do kyɛn biara nye dɛ wɔdze eduru a ɔyɛ nyansa a ɔtra hɔ daa bedzi dwuma. Hɔn ayɛ no sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ a ebetumi edzi nsɛm a ɔfa mframa, ahoɔdzen, na nsu a ɔwɔ bea hɔ ho no ho dwuma. Dzea ɔka nhyehyɛe yi ho nye dɛ wobesi smart membrane a ɔtse dɛ dome, a ɔbɛma bea no anya mframa dodow a ɔfata (sɛnea wɔhwehwɛ ma wiadze egyapadze bea biara no). Na smart-membrane dome no nso bɛma hɔn anya ahoɔdzen a ɔtumi gyina nye ho do dzenam owia nkwammoaa a ɔwɔ dome no ekyi fa no do. Anka wɔbɛyɛ eduru no nso sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ a wobenya nhyehyɛe bi a wɔdze yi mframa no fi mu dzenam nsu a wobeyi afi mu no do sɛnea ɔbɛyɛ a wobetumi akora bea no do yiye.