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National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America

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National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America
organization

National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) yɛ dwumakuw a ɔboa nkan mbasantsen a nna wɔyɛ nkowaa a wɔwɔ United State wɔ sika afamu.[1][2][3][4]


Abakɔsɛm

[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Wɔtseew National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America wɔ afe Fankwa 26, 1987 mu,[5] a no botae nye dɛ wɔbɛtserɛw nsɛm mu na wɔaboa botae a wɔdze esi hɔ wɔ ber tsentsen mu a ɔnye dɛ wobenya nkowaasom ho akatua wɔ United States no.[6] Hɔn a wɔtseew N'COBRA nye Imari Obadele na[7][8] Chokwe Lumumba; nkaafo a wɔka ho ma wɔtsewee yɛ National Conference of Black Lawyers,[9] New Afrikan Peoples Organization na Republic of New Afrika.[5]

Afe 1994 mu no, N'COBRA yɛɛ ɔman nhyiamu maa tsemamufo wɔ Detroit. Akasafo no hɔn mu kor nye Ɔbaahembaa Moore,[10] ɔno na ɔtseew Republic of New Afrika.

Edwumakuw No Ne Nhyehyɛɛ

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N'COBRA dwumakuw no gyina ɔman no mu bagua ahorow akron do:[5][11]

  • Sikasɛm mu nkɔdo
  • Nyimpa ahoɔdzen
  • Mbrɛ wɔyɛ edwuma wɔ mbra kwan do.
  • Mbrahyɛbagua
  • Dawurbɔ na nsɛm ho Amandzɛɛbɔfo
  • Kuw mba na dwumakuw mpontu
  • Amanaman ntamu nsɛm
  • Mbaabun
  • Nwomasua


Wɔakyekyɛ N'COBRA no mu kuwbayɛ akɔ ekuwekuw ebiasa mu: ankorankor kuw mba, ɔmanmu na ndwumakuw nkyekyɛmu, na ndwumakuw ahyehyɛdze. N’COBRA no mu mba wɔ United States ne fa ahorow pii (be tse dɛ Philadelphia) na Africa, Europe, Central, na South America, na Caribbean ne fa bi.[1] (such as Philadelphia)[12]

Ɔman no n'akandzifo etsitsir na wodzi dwumakuw no ho dwuma.[5]

Gyinabew ahorow

[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

The stated mission of the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America is:

National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America no botae a wɔakyerɛw ato hɔ nye:

.... ...dɛ wobedzi konyim ama Afrika Abibifo Asefo a wɔtse United States nye n’ahye do ama nyimpa nkunkumii ɔko a wɔkoe dze tsiaa Afrikafo ma ɔdze TransAtlantic Slave "Trade" Chattel Slavery, Jim Crow na Chattel Slavery’s ntoado nsɛnkyerɛdze no (Maafa no) bae no ho. Dɛ mbrɛ wobotum ayɛ no dɛm no, N'COBRA bɛhyehyɛ na wɔaboaboa Abibifo nkurow nyina ano, ayɛ no akatua kuw a ogyina nyimpadɔm do a odzi mu. N'COBRA bɛsan ayɛ edwuma dɛ edwumakuw a ɔyɛ ntamgyinafo ma akatua a wɔdze ma hɔn a wɔbɔ hɔnho mbɔdzen wɔ United States. Bio, ɔnam ne mpanyindzi wɔ akatua kuw a ɔwɔ United States na n’ahye mu no do, N'COBRA hu dɛ akatua yɛ ehiadze ma Afrikafo nyina na wɔnye afofor bɔbɔmu akyekyer amanaman ntamu akatua kuw no. Annyɛ yie koraa no bɛyɛ afe 2017 mu no, N'COBRA esusu dɛ ɔwɔ dɛ akatua mpatadze no yɛ mpɔtamu hɔ nsiesie na mbom nnyɛ dɛ wɔdze bɛma ankorankor a wɔwɔ nkowaa mbasantsen mu. Afe 2022, Taiwo Kujichagulia-Seitu a ɔwɔ N'COBRA kyerɛɛ kuw no botae maa "nsiesie a odzi mu". [13] }}

Orunntum nnyɛ kyɛɛke bi kɛkɛ. Ntsi adze kɛse kor a ɔwɔ nsiesie a odzi mu no ho nye dɛ ɔwɔ dɛ yeyi dɛm anansesɛm a ɔfa aborɔfo tumdzi ho no fi hɔ.... Yɛnyɛ hɛn ho dɛ wɔmaa bibinyi biara a ɔwɔ ɔman yi mu no asaase na yetumii ... ɔman no hyɛɛ ase dɛ orutu mpon.[14]

Ɔno rinnyi dɛm anansesɛm a ɔfa aborɔfo tumdzi ho no mmfi hɔ, a ɔkyerɛ dɛ, ber a yefii hɛn asaase do no, polisifo botum dze hɔn enyi esi hɛn ho..., anka wɔbɛda ho ara ahaw hɛn. Ntsi sɛ yɛka nsiesie a odzi mũ ho asɛm a, ɔwɔ dɛ yɛhwɛ nsɔwano a yɛdze bɛma ɔhaw biara. Na sika a wotua anaa sika nndɔɔ so dɛ wobesiesie dza asɛe osian nkowaasom na etubrafosɛm na mpremprenyi gyidzi a ɔfa nyiyimu a ɔfa ahosu mu no ho.[15]


Obiradzi ne da a ɔtɔ do du

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N’COBRA agye June ne da a ɔtɔ do du no ato mu — a ɔdze kae ahofadzi a wɔdze maa Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo a wɔayɛ nkowaa no — dɛ dapɔnda fitsi afe1990 n'ahyɛse.[11]

H.R. 40

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H.R. 40, a wɔato dzin Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act, yɛ Mbarahyɛ Bagua no akatua ho nhwehwɛmu mbra a Ananmusifo John Conyers (D-MI) na Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) dze aba Congress biara mu fitsi afe 1989.[16]

Afe 2001 mu no, N'COBRA bɔboaa H.R.40; nokwasɛm nye yi, nna dwumakuw no nye mbra ho ɔfotufo panyin Adjoa Aiyetoro risiesie asɛm bi a wɔdze bɔkɔ akɛdan aban a ɔwɔ ɔman no mu no dze ahwehwɛ dɛ wotua hɔn kaw a.[2]

2016 Anamɔntu Dze ma Ebibifo Prama

[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]

Dzifuu 2016 afe no mu no, Movement for Black Lives, nkabɔmkuw bi a wɔdze hɔn ho abɔ Black Lives Matter kuw no ho no, daa nhyehyɛɛ bi a ogyina akatua do edzi.[17]

Prama no bobɔɔ ndzɛmba esia a wɔrohwehwɛ no edzin, a nhyehyɛɛ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow 40 na ɔwɔ mu, na “ɔhwehwɛ dɛ wontua hɔn kaw wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a ɔtsena hɔ daa a nkowaasom na sika a wɔdze hyɛ nwomasua nye ndwuma mu dze aba Afrikafo-Amerikafo do no ho.”[18] "Reuters kamfoo dɛm nkaabɔ yi a wɔdze too gua dɛ "ber a odzi kan a dɛm ahyehyɛdze ahorow a Ebibifo dzi hɔn enyim a ɔnye Black Lives Matter kuw a wɔdze ahyɛ amanhorow do no ayɛ kor akyerɛw fapem nhyehyɛɛ a ɔkɔ ekyir.""[18]

Ɔkatsia

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Hɔn a wɔkasae tsiaa N'COBRA no ka dɛ edwumakuw no ayɛ biribi kumaa bi dze ama asɛm a ɔfa akatua ho wɔ U.S. no.[19][20] Mfatoho, akatua ho ɔbenfo William A. Darity Jr. kyerɛwee dɛ, " ... N'COBRA nhyehyɛɛ no remma wonnya akatua ho nhyehyɛɛ a ɔbɛma woetua Amerika ebibifo asefo a wofi U.S. nkowaasom mu no ka."


Kuwmba afoforfo na adadaw a yenyim hɔn

[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]
  • Imari Obadele — ɔka hɔn a wɔtsewee no ho
  • Chokwe Lumumba — ɔka hɔn wɔtsewee no ho
  • James Forman[21]
  • Efia Nwangaza - Ɔman no ne tsirtsenanyi
  • Adjoa Aiyetoro — mbra ho ɔfotufo panyin
  • Robin Rue Simmons — ɔka kuw no ho afebɔɔ
  • Conrad Worrill — sikasɛm ho nkɔdo panyin



Mboaedze

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Williams, Lena (July 21, 1994). "Blacks Press the Case for Reparations for Slavery". The New York Times.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lewin, Tamar (June 4, 2001). "Calls for Slavery Restitution Getting Louder". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ Serino, Kenichi; Stabley, Justin (September 16, 2022). "What to know about calls for reparations for Britain's legacy of slavery in the Caribbean". PBS.
  4. ↑ MACARAEG, SARAH; KUNICHOFF, YANA (March 21, 2017). "How Chicago Became the First City to Make Reparations to Victims of Police Violence: The ordinance provides a meaningful model for creating reparations at the local level". Yes!.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "What is N'COBRA?". ncobra.org. National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  6. ↑ Coates, Ta-Nehisi (June 2014). "The Case for Reparations". The Atlantic. In the 20th century, the cause of reparations was taken up by a diverse cast that included the Confederate veteran Walter R. Vaughan, who believed that reparations would be a stimulus for the South; the black activist Callie House; black-nationalist leaders like "Queen Mother" Audley Moore; and the civil-rights activist James Forman. The movement coalesced in 1987 under an umbrella organization called the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA).
  7. ↑ Martin, Douglas (February 5, 2010). "Imari Obadele, Who Fought for Reparations, Dies at 79". The New York Times.
  8. ↑ "In the News: Mayor Sarno, Representative Williams and Officials Celebrate 37th Annual Black American Heritage with Special Flag Raising Ceremony". springfield-ma.gov. City of Springfield, Massachusetts. February 1, 2023.
  9. ↑ Winbush, Raymond (2010). Should America Pay?: Slavery and the Raging Debate on Reparations. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
  10. ↑ Pace, Eric (May 7, 1997). "Queen Mother Moore, 98, Harlem Rights Leader, Dies". The New York Times.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Castro, Gina (February 23, 2023). "National Reparations Awareness Day celebrated, but not well known". Evanston RoundTable.
  12. ↑ Levy, Jordan (January 20, 2023). "Philadelphia is open to exploring a reparations task force, city says, after advocates push for action: The idea of a formal commission is backed by activists, Council members, and at least one mayoral candidate". Billy Penn.
  13. ↑ "About: Our Mission". officialncobraonline.org. National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  14. ↑ Michelle Chen (March 7, 2007). "Bill to Study Slavery Reparations Still Facing Resistance". The NewStandard. Archived from the original on 17 March 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  15. ↑ California Is A Step Closer To Reparations. Not All Black Residents Will Qualify. NPR. April 21, 2022.
  16. ↑ Mfomdo wɔ bea edzida no mu: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI
  17. ↑ Alcindor, Yamiche (August 1, 2016). "Black Lives Matter Coalition Makes Demands as Campaign Heats Up". The New York Times.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Johnson, Eric M. (August 2, 2016). "Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda". Reuters.
  19. ↑ Changamire, Kofi (Aug 1, 2019). "Dereliction of Duty; The 30 year tenure of N'COBRA". Medium.
  20. ↑ Brown, Ann (May 3, 2022). "Are NAARC And N'COBRA Blocking A Modern, Lineage-Based Reparations Claim?". The Moguldom Nation.
  21. ↑ Mfomdo wɔ bea edzida no mu: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WSJ
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