Avatime kasa
| Subclass of | Kwa  |
|---|---|
| Country | Ghana |
| Indigenous to | Firaw Mantɔw |
| Linguistic typology | subject–verb–object |
| Ethnologue language status | 5 Developing |
Avatime, a wɔsan frɛ no Afatime, Sideme, anaa Sia, yɛ Kwa kasa a Avatimefo (wɔfrɛ hɔn ho: Kedone (m.sg.)) nyimpa a wɔwɔ Ghana epuei afa mu. Avatimefo no tse nkurow nye nkuraa esuon a ɔnye Amedzofe, Vane, Gbadzeme, Dzokpe, Biakpa, Dzogbefeme, nye Fume mu.
Fɔnɔlɔgyi
[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]Avatime yɛ tonu kasa a ɔwɔ tonu ebiasa, ɔwɔ mbawor koryɛ, na wɔasan agye ato mu dɛ ɔdze nkyermu nkonsonantse nta dzi dwuma
Mbawor
[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]Avatime wɔ mbawor akron, /i ɪ e ɛ a ɔ o ʊ u/, ɔwɔ mu dɛ mbawor /ɪ ʊ/ no woebu enyi egu do wɔ kasa no ne nkyerɛwee dodow noara. Ɔnnda edzi pefee dɛ nsorsoree a ɔda /i e o u/ nye /ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ/ ntamu no yɛ dza ɔfa tɛkyerɛma no ntsin a ɔkɔ enyim na ɔtwe no ho (laryngeal contraction), mbrɛ ɔtse wɔ Ghana kasa pii mu no, anaadɛ mbawor no ne tsentsen : fɔnɛtseke ahorow foa nhwehwɛmu ahorow no do.
Avatime wɔ mbawor koryɛ. Ndwow bi runntum mfora mbawor a wɔyɛ kan /i e o u/ nye annto kan /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/ kuw, na nsienyim sesa mbawor dɛ mbrɛ ɔbɛyɛ a wɔnye mbawor wɔwɔ dɛm kuw no mu benya anyɛnkoyɛ bi. Mfatoho ɔyɛfo ankonam nsienyim /ɔ ~ o/ nye ankonam dodow /a ~ e/: /o-ze/ ''ewi',' /ɔ-ka/ ''egya'', /be-ze/ ''ewifo'', /ba-ka/ ''egyanom'' nna afei /o-bu/ ''ndowa' naaso /ɔ-bʊ/ ''ɔbosom''.
Mbawor no botum ayɛ tsentsen anaa tsiatsia. Nhwehwɛmu fitsi 1910 kyerɛ dɛ mbawor nyina botum ayɛ hwenmu, naaso ɔreyew, na nkasafua kumaa bi na ɔbɛka ber a mfeha no bɔkɔ ewiei no.
| Avatime | |
|---|---|
| Sia (Siyase) | |
| Sì-yà | |
| Native to | Ghana |
| Region | Volta Region |
| Ethnicity | Avatime |
| Native speakers | 27,200 (2013)[1] |
| Language family | Niger–Congo?
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | avn
|
| Glottolog | avat1244
|
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
| Avatime | |
|---|---|
| People | Ke-dane-ma |
| Language | Sì-yà |
Nkonsonantse
[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]| Anofamfa | Anobata se | Se ekyir | Dadawmu dzendzen | Menmu | Ano bata dadawmu bɛtɛɛ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hwenmu | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||
| Egyinae | No mu mmpow | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
| no mu pow | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
| Nkyermu | no mu mmpow | t͡s ~ t͡ʃ | |||||
| no mu pow | d͡z ~ d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Nkyermu | no mu mmpow | f | s | x | xʷ | ||
| no mu pow | β | v | z | ɣ | ɣʷ | ||
| ennya annyɛ mbawor | l ~ r | j | w | ||||
Yenya /ɸ/ wɔ Awona kasafuafɛm mu,[2] dɛ mbrɛ yehu no wɔ /kʷ/ mu no, dɛ brɛ yehu no dɛ ɔyɛ soronko fi /kw/ ho no (a nkonsonantse fofor biara runntum nntoa no do no) wɔ kasafua /àkʷlɛ̄/ ''hɛmba'' a yɛafɛm no mu[3].
Wɔagye ato mu dɛ kasa no wɔ nkyermu nkonsonantse ebien a wɔaka abɔ ho /x͡ɸ ɣ͡β/. Na mbom, dɛ mbrɛ mbrɛ yehu no dɛm ara wɔ Sweden ngyegyee [ɧ] mu no, anofamfa ngyegyee no ne yɛ mu no nkyermu nnsi, na iyinom yɛ anofamfa bata dadawmu bɛtɛɛɛ /xʷ ɣʷ[4]/ .Dadawmu bɛtɛɛ nkyermu nyina nnyi ahoɔdzen na mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ [h ɦ hʷ ɦʷ].[2] Nsorsoree a ɔwɔ egyinae nkyermu mu no da edzi wɔ [t͡s], [d͡z] nye [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ] mu, a ɔbɔyɛ mbasatsen nsorsoree.[5]
Kasa no ne mbra
[sesa mu | sesa ekyirsɛm]Selabor no yɛ V, CV, CGV, nye N. Avatime wɔ nkonsonantse-ennya annyɛ mbawor nta, a ennya annyɛ no botum ayɛ /l/, /w/, /j/. Yɛsan wɔ hwenmu selabor, a ɔfa noara no tonu: /kpāŋ̄/ ''dodow''. Nkonsonantse biara gye dɛ /n/, /l/ botum nye /l/ ayɛ nta: /ɔ̀kplɔ̄nɔ̀/ "pon", /ɔ̀ɡblāɡɛ̄/ " ɔwɔ", /káɣʷlɪ̀tsã̀/ "abosomanketsew", /sɪ̄ŋʷlɛ̀sɛ̃̀/ "hwem". /l/ dzi dadawmu dzendzen konsonantse ekyir a wɔbɔ no [r]. Mbawor ebien ka bɔ mu a, dɛ yɛdze menmu egyinae [ʔ] bɛkyɛ mu, ma abɛyɛ bawor kor anaa dɛ bawor a odzi kan no yɛtsew do ma ɔbɛyɛ ennya annyɛ bawor . Wɔ dza odzi ekyir no mu no, enyin mbawor anan no bɛyɛ [j] na ekyir mbawor no mu ebiasa so bɛyɛ [w], naaso /u/ bɛyɛ enyim bawor [ɥ]. Naaso, yɛwɔ /Cw/ nye /Cj/ ntoado a yennya emmfi mbawor ntoado mu. Iyinom nye /fw/, /mw/, /fj/, /vj/, /βj/, /tj/, /dj/, /sj/, /zj/, /lj/, /ŋʷj/.