Akuapem Kasa

Akuapem kasa a yɛsan frɛ no Akuapim, Akuapem Twi na Akwapi, no yɛ Akan kasahorow no mu kor, ɔka Esuantse ho (a yɛka hɔn bɔ mu frɛ no Twi) nye Mfantse, a yetum tse iyinom nyina ase. . Yɛwɔ nyimpa dodow bɛyɛ 626,000 a wɔka Akuapem kasa no, a ne tsitsiriw nye nkorɔfo a wɔwɔ Ghana nye Cote D'Ivoire. ɔyɛ abakɔsɛm mu nwoma nye enyimnyam kasa a ɔka Akan kasa no ho, ɔno na wodzii kan gyinaa do dze kyerɛɛ Baebor no mu kɔr Akan kasa nkaa no mu .

AkuapemAkuapemNative toGhanaEthnicityAkuapem

Native speakers

626,000 (2013)

Language family

Niger–Congo?

• Atlantic–Congo
  • Kwa
    • Potou–Tano
      • Tano
        • Central Tano
          • Akan
            • Akuapem

Writing system

LatinOfficial statusRegulated byAkan Orthography CommitteeLanguage codesISO 639-3–Glottologakua1239IETFtw-akuapem

Bea a ɔhyɛɛ ase firii

Yenyaa dzin Akuapem fii Akan nkoa apem anaa ekuw-apem mu.

Abakɔsɛm

Basel asafo a nna wɔwɔ Gold Coast no na wodzii kan yɛɛ Akuapem kasa n'akyerɛw no wɔ afe 1842 mu, naaso kasa no n'akyerɛw ho abakɔsɛm no ankasa hyɛ ase fi 1853 mu a wotsintsiim kasa mbra no mu ebien, hɔn nye German Elemente des Akwapim Dialects der Odshi Sprache nna English Grammatical Outline and Vocabulary of the Oji Language a ɔfa Akuapem kasa no ho tsitsiriw, a ne nyina no Hans Nicolai Riis na ɔkyerɛwee, ɔno nye Basel asafo a nna ɔwɔ nkan Gold Coast tsirtsenanyi no no wɔfaase. Anka wonndzi iyinom ekyir wɔ Akuapem nkyerɛwee no nwoma ahorow mu kesi dɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ Apam Fofor no ase.

Woyii Akuapem kasa no sii hɔ dɛ ɔno na origyina mu ama Akan kasahorow no nyina osiandɛ asɛmpatserɛwfo a nna wɔwɔ Base asafo no mu no hun dɛ ɔyɛ apam a ɔfata dɛ wɔgye to mu. Christaller a nn oesua Akyem kasa no naaso ɔye Akuapem kasa no dzi no hun dɛ oye dɛ wɔgye to mu, ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ asɛm no mu, nye ne sibew ber a nna orubue 1875 Kasa mbra a ɔwɔ Esuantse nye Mfantse kasa a wɔfrɛ no Tshi enyi do no.

Ɔno [Akuapem] yɛ Akan kasa a enya nkɛntɛndo wɔ Mfantse kasa do , a ɔkyerɛ kwan wɔ mfinimfin kwan a ɔda Akan kasa afofor nye Mfantse ntamu wɔ ngyegyee, akwan nye nsɛm a wɔka mu; ɔgye nkorbata ebien no nyina to mu mbrɛ ɔnye hɔn ho hɔn ho nnhyia no, na ɔno ntsi, ɔyɛ dza oye sen biara dɛ wobotum enya hɔn ho efi afa ebien no nyina mu.

Baebor

Akuapem abakɔsɛm dɛ nwoma mu kasa no hyɛ ase wɔ dza wɔapaw no dɛ ɔnyɛ dza ɔnyɛ ngyinado mma Apam Fofor no ne nkyerɛasee wɔ Akan kasa mu, a wotsintsimii wɔ afe 1870 mu a ne nkyerɛasee a ɔto do ebien wɔ afe 1878 mu, nye Bible mũ no nyina, a wotsintsimii wɔ afe 1871 mu no do.

Gold Coast Basel Asafo no na wɔkyerɛɛw ebien no nyina, tsitsiriw German ɔsɛmpatserɛwfo nye kasa ho niymdzefo Johann Gottlieb Christaller nye Akanfo kasa ho nyimdzefo nye asɛmpatserɛwfo a wɔyɛ kurowmu hɔ fo David Asante, Theophilus Opoku, Jonathan Palmer Bekoe, nye Paul Keteku.

Ɔmmfa ho dɛ wotsintsiim Baebor no, na Akanfo akenkan nye akyerɛw renntserɛw wɔ Akanfo mu ber bi, na dɛm ara so na Europafo a wɔbaa atubrafo no mpo mu. Mfatoho, ber a Britania ɔsraanyi panyin Sir Garnet Wolseley a nna wonyim no na wɔda ho ara nyim no wɔ Ghana dɛ "Sargrenti" ("Sir Garnet" edzifudzepɛ bi) fii ase yɛɛ ɔsatu kɔr Ghana wɔ Anglo-Ashanti ɔko a ɔtɔ do ebiasa no mu wɔ afe 1873 mu no, ɔyɛɛ n'adwen dɛ ɔdze ne frɛ a ɔfrɛɛ no ​​kɔr ɔko no bɔkɔ akɛma Asante hen Kofi Karikari wɔ Borɔfo nye Asante kasa mu, na ohunii dɛ, mbrɛ wonyim no, "Mfantse anaa Esuantse kasa no ho mfonyin a wɔakyerɛw a ɔfata biara nnyi hɔ", na ayɛ sdɛ ɔtwee frɛ no a wɔdze bɔkɔ no ase adapɛn ebien; iyi nyina wɔ mu mpo dɛ nna Akuapem Apam Fofor bi atera hɔ mfe ebiasa na Baebor mũ no nyina edzi mfe ebien dze.

Kasa Mbra nye Nsɛm nkyerɛase Nwoma

Christaller no nwoma A Grammar of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi (1875) nye A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi (1881), a ɔkyerɛwee a ɔfa Akuapem ho no da ho ara yɛ Twi kasa mbra nye nsɛm asekyerɛ nwoma a ogyina pintsinn wɔ adzesua mu, ɔmmfa ho dɛ kasa horow no nkyerɛwdze, nsɛmfua, nye kasa mbra asesa wɔ mfeha no mu fi ber a wotsintsimii no.

Fɔnɔlɔgyi

Nkonsonantse

		Anofamfa	Se-ekyir	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Dadawmu -dzendzen	dadawmu-bɛtɛɛ	Menmu
Hwenmu	pow	m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩			ɲ ⟨ny, n⟩	ŋ ⟨ng, n⟩
	Anofamfa		nʷ ⟨nw⟩
Egyinae/nkyermu	pow	b ⟨b⟩	d ⟨d⟩	d͡ʒ ⟨dw⟩		d͡ʑ ~ ɟ͡ʝ ⟨gy⟩	ɡ ⟨g⟩
	aspirated	pʰ ⟨p⟩	tʰ ⟨t⟩			t͡ɕʰ ~ c͡çʰ ⟨ky⟩	kʰ ⟨k⟩
	anofamfa					t͡ɕʷ ⟨tw⟩	kʷ ⟨kw⟩
Nkyermu	mmpow	f ⟨f⟩	s ⟨s⟩			ç ⟨hy⟩		h ⟨h⟩
	anofamfa							hʷ ⟨hw⟩
ennya annyɛ mbawor						j ⟨y⟩	w ⟨w⟩
Tap/flap			ɾ ⟨r⟩		ɽ ⟨r⟩
mbobɔe			r ⟨r⟩
Nkyɛnmu			l ⟨l⟩

Mbawor

Akuapem kasa no mbawor nhyehyɛɛ du nna akwan ebien a wɔfa do dze kyerɛ no mu nsorsoree na ogyina mbrɛ wɔahyeyɛ ato hɔ dadaw no do na yɛkyekyɔmu kɔ kankɔ, naaso yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛ ɔyɛ horɔhorɔ no mu mbuei.

			Enyim	Finimfin	Ekyir
Mbuei	+ATR		i		u
	–ATR		ɪ		ʊ
Mbuei kakra	+ATR		e		o
	–ATR		ɛ		ɔ
Ntowmu	+ATR			æ
	–ATR			ɑ

Enyim mbawor no kyerɛ nsorsoree wɔ mber tsentsen mu, a -ATR Mbawor yɛ tsia kyɛn hɔn etsipenfo +ATR

Ndze

Annyɛ yie koraa no Twi kitsa ndze ahorow enum

• Ndze a ɔwɔ sor: H
• Ndze a ɔwɔ finimfin: M
• Famu ndze: L
• Mfowee ndze: R
• Nsanee ndze: F

Naaso sɛ yɛrekyerɛw Twi akɔ Latin mu yɛmmfa ndze ahyɛnsewdze no nndzi dwuma.Mbawor

Mbawor Nta

Twi wɔ mbawor nta /ɪɛ/, /ei/, /iæ/, /ie/, /ʊɔ/, /ue/, /uo/, nye /æo/ anaa /ɑʊ/

Mbɛbusɛm

Wɔ no nwoma a ɔboaboaa ano, Wit nye Wisdom a wofi West Africa mu wɔ 1865 mu no, Richard Francis Burton tsintsiim Twi (Oji) mbɛ nye nsɛm bɔbor 250 a Engiresi nkyerɛasee wɔ mu, a wɔfaa fii Hans Nicolaus Riis nwoma Grammatical Outline and Vocabulary of the Oji-language a wotsintsimii wɔ afe 1854. (Riis, Andreas Riis wɔfase, kɔr Ghana dɛ ɔsɛmpatserɛwfo wɔ afe 1854 mu 1845.) Dɛm nsɛm no bi nye:

• "Etsew edur-a bi ka w'ano." (#2)
• "Sika bɛn wo-a, ihua." (#9)
• "Ohianyi nnyi nyɛnko." (#18)
• "Adow se, dza akɔ ne yamu no, ɔnnyɛ nedze, na dza ɔwɔ n'afon mu no, yɛ nedze a." (#27)